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Universal Circuits (UCs) offer a promising approach to hardware Intellectual Property (IP) obfuscation, leveraging cryptographic principles to hide both structure and function in a programmable logic fabric. Their adaptability makes them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zain Ul Abideen , Deepali Garg , Lawrence Pileggi , Samuel Pagliarini

This paper presents a high-level circuit obfuscation technique to prevent the theft of intellectual property (IP) of integrated circuits. In particular, our technique protects a class of circuits that relies on constant multiplications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Levent Aksoy , Quang-Linh Nguyen , Felipe Almeida , Jaan Raik , Marie-Lise Flottes , Sophie Dupuis , Samuel Pagliarini

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Plagiarism detection in programming education faces growing challenges due to increasingly sophisticated obfuscation techniques, particularly automated refactoring-based attacks. While code plagiarism detection systems used in education…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Robin Maisch , Larissa Schmid , Timur Sağlam , Nils Niehues

Obfuscation stands as a promising solution for safeguarding hardware intellectual property (IP) against a spectrum of threats including reverse engineering, IP piracy, and tampering. In this paper, we introduce Obfus-chat, a novel framework…

Hardware IP protection has been one of the most critical areas of research in the past years. Recently, attacks on hardware IPs (such as reverse engineering or cloning) have evolved as attackers have developed sophisticated techniques.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Abdulrahman Alaql , Swarup Bhunia

Numerous security threats are emerging from untrusted players in the integrated circuit (IC) ecosystem. Among them, reverse engineering practices with the intent to counterfeit, overproduce, or modify an IC are worrying. In recent years,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Giorgi Basiashvili , Zain Ul Abideen , Samuel Pagliarini

Threats associated with the untrusted fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) are numerous: piracy, overproduction, reverse engineering, hardware trojans, etc. The use of reconfigurable elements (i.e., look-up tables as in FPGAs) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Zain Ul Abideen , Tiago Diadami Perez , Samuel Pagliarini

Security is an important facet of integrated circuit design for many applications. IP privacy and Trojan insertion are growing threats as circuit fabrication in advanced nodes almost inevitably relies on untrusted foundries. A proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Joseph Sweeney , Samuel Pagliarini , Lawrence Pileggi

Program obfuscation is a widely employed approach for software intellectual property protection. However, general obfuscation methods (e.g., lexical obfuscation, control obfuscation) implemented in mainstream obfuscation tools are heuristic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Hui Xu , Yangfan Zhou , Yu Kang , Michael R. Lyu

The threat of hardware reverse engineering is a growing concern for a large number of applications. A main defense strategy against reverse engineering is hardware obfuscation. In this paper, we investigate physical obfuscation techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Arunkumar Vijayakumar , Vinay C. Patil , Daniel E. Holcomb , Christof Paar , Sandip Kundu

Plagiarism in programming assignments is a persistent issue in computer science education, increasingly complicated by the emergence of automated obfuscation attacks. While software plagiarism detectors are widely used to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Timur Sağlam , Larissa Schmid

Protecting source code against reverse engineering and theft is an important problem. The goal is to carry out computations using confidential algorithms on an untrusted party while ensuring confidentiality of algorithms. This problem has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Johannes Schneider , Thomas Locher

To reduce the cost of ICs and to meet the market's demand, a considerable portion of manufacturing supply chain, including silicon fabrication, packaging and testing may be pushed offshore. Utilizing a global IC manufacturing supply chain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Kimia Zamiri Azar , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Obfuscation is a technique for protecting hardware intellectual property (IP) blocks against reverse engineering, piracy, and malicious modifications. Current obfuscation efforts mainly focus on functional locking of a design to prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Prabuddha Chakraborty , Jonathan Cruz , Swarup Bhunia

Quantum circuits are the fundamental representation of quantum algorithms and constitute valuable intellectual property (IP). Multiple quantum circuit obfuscation (QCO) techniques have been proposed in prior research to protect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Hongyu Zhang , Yuntao Liu

Intellectual property (IP) piracy has become a non-negligible problem as the integrated circuit (IC) production supply chain is becoming increasingly globalized and separated that enables attacks by potentially untrusted attackers. Logic…

Quantum compilers play a crucial role in quantum computing by converting these algorithmic quantum circuits into forms compatible with specific quantum computer hardware. However, untrusted quantum compilers present considerable risks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Anees Rehman , Vincent Langford , Yuntao Liu

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs estimated annual losses ranging from $225 billion to $600 billion. Despite initiatives like the CHIPS Act, many semiconductor designs remain vulnerable to reverse engineering (RE). IP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junling Fan , George Rushevich , Giorgio Rusconi , Mengdi Zhu , Reiner Dizon-Paradis , Domenic Forte
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