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The achievable error-exponent pairs for the type I and type II errors are characterized in a hypothesis testing setup where the observation consists of independent and identically distributed samples from either a known joint probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Amos Lapidoth , Christoph Pfister

Model-based mutation testing uses altered test models to derive test cases that are able to reveal whether a modelled fault has been implemented. This requires conformance checking between the original and the mutated model. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-02-29 Bernhard K. Aichernig , Elisabeth Jöbstl

Adapting the final sample size of a trial to the evidence accruing during the trial is a natural way to address planning uncertainty. Designs with adaptive sample size need to account for their optional stopping to guarantee strict type-I…

We develop randomization-based tests for heterogeneous treatment effects in the presence of network interference. Leveraging the exposure mapping framework, we study a broad class of null hypotheses that represent various forms of constant…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-25 Julius Owusu

This paper proposes several tests of restricted specification in nonparametric instrumental regression. Based on series estimators, test statistics are established that allow for tests of the general model against a parametric or…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-09-24 Christoph Breunig

Cross-level interactions among fixed effects in linear mixed models (also known as multilevel models) are often complicated by the variances stemming from random effects and residuals. When these variances change across clusters, tests of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-18 Ting Wang , Edgar C. Merkle , Joaquin A. Anguera , Brandon M. Turner

Understanding the effect of a feature vector $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ on the response value (label) $y \in \mathbb{R}$ is the cornerstone of many statistical learning problems. Ideally, it is desired to understand how a set of collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mohammad Mehrabi , Ryan A. Rossi

Consider a researcher estimating the parameters of a regression function based on data for all 50 states in the United States or on data for all visits to a website. What is the interpretation of the estimated parameters and the standard…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Alberto Abadie , Susan Athey , Guido W. Imbens , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

Model steering, which involves intervening on hidden representations at inference time, has emerged as a lightweight alternative to finetuning for precisely controlling large language models. While steering efficacy has been widely studied,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Navita Goyal , Hal Daumé

In randomised trials, continuous endpoints are often measured with some degree of error. This study explores the impact of ignoring measurement error, and proposes methods to improve statistical inference in the presence of measurement…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-30 Linda Nab , Rolf H. H. Groenwold , Paco M. J. Welsing , Maarten van Smeden

In the binary hypothesis testing problem, it is well known that sequentiality in taking samples eradicates the trade-off between two error exponents, yet implementing the optimal test requires the knowledge of the underlying distributions,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ching-Fang Li , I-Hsiang Wang

The problem of distributed testing against independence with variable-length coding is considered when the \emph{average} and not the \emph{maximum} communication load is constrained as in previous works. The paper characterizes the optimum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sadaf Salehkalaibar , Michele Wigger

A common problem in numerous research areas, particularly in clinical trials, is to test whether the effect of an explanatory variable on an outcome variable is equivalent across different groups. In practice, these tests are frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-03 Niklas Hagemann , Kathrin Möllenhoff

Statistical significance testing is widely accepted as a means to assess how well a difference in effectiveness reflects an actual difference between systems, as opposed to random noise because of the selection of topics. According to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Julián Urbano , Harlley Lima , Alan Hanjalic

Conformal prediction is a flexible framework for calibrating machine learning predictions, providing distribution-free statistical guarantees. In outlier detection, this calibration relies on a reference set of labeled inlier data to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Meshi Bashari , Matteo Sesia , Yaniv Romano

It is quite common in modern research, for a researcher to test many hypotheses. The statistical (frequentist) hypothesis testing framework, does not scale with the number of hypotheses in the sense that naively performing many hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-06-26 Jonathan Rosenblatt

We propose the Cyclic Permutation Test (CPT) to test general linear hypotheses for linear models. This test is non-randomized and valid in finite samples with exact Type I error $\alpha$ for an arbitrary fixed design matrix and arbitrary…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-01 Lihua Lei , Peter J. Bickel

Next-generation sequencing technologies now constitute a method of choice to measure gene expression. Data to analyze are read counts, commonly modeled using Negative Binomial distributions. A relevant issue associated with this…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-10 Elisabetta Bonafede , Franck Picard , Stéphane Robin , Cinzia Viroli

Given a finite-valued sample $X_1,...,X_n$ we wish to test whether it was generated by a stationary ergodic process belonging to a family $H_0$, or it was generated by a stationary ergodic process outside $H_0$. We require the Type I error…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-30 Daniil Ryabko

Membership Inference Attacks have emerged as a dominant method for empirically measuring privacy leakage from machine learning models. Here, privacy is measured by the {\em{advantage}} or gap between a score or a function computed on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ruihan Wu , Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri