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Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

Recent studies on knowledge graphs (KGs) show that path-based methods empowered by pre-trained language models perform well in the provision of inductive and explainable relation predictions. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Zhixiang Su , Di Wang , Chunyan Miao , Lizhen Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a transparent brain with accessible parameters that encode extensive knowledge, which can be analyzed, located and transferred. Consequently, a key research challenge is to transcend traditional knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuqiao Tan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Educational Question Generation (EQG) aims to synthesize customized exercise questions that enhance student learning. An effective EQG system should ideally personalize questions for each student by modeling the student's knowledge state…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Lu Ding , Q. Vera Liao , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang

For offering proactive services to students in intelligent education, one of the fundamental tasks is predicting their performance (e.g., scores) on future exercises, where it is necessary to track each student's knowledge acquisition…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong , Yu Su , Guoping Hu

Knowledge tracing---where a machine models the knowledge of a student as they interact with coursework---is a well established problem in computer supported education. Though effectively modeling student knowledge would have high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Chris Piech , Jonathan Spencer , Jonathan Huang , Surya Ganguli , Mehran Sahami , Leonidas Guibas , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to leverage students' learning histories to estimate their mastery levels on a set of pre-defined skills, based on which the corresponding future performance can be accurately predicted. As an important way of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Fucai Ke , Weiqing Wang , Weicong Tan , Lan Du , Yuan Jin , Yujin Huang , Hongzhi Yin

As the core of the Knowledge Tracking (KT) task, assessing students' dynamic mastery of knowledge concepts is crucial for both offline teaching and online educational applications. Since students' mastery of knowledge concepts is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Moyu Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Chunhong Zhang , Wenchen Qian , Feng Pan , Hui Zhao

The field of Knowledge Tracing is focused on predicting the success rate of a student for a given skill. Modern methods like Deep Knowledge Tracing provide accurate estimates given enough data, but being based on neural networks they…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-20 Hildo Bijl

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a fundamental task in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), which aims to model the dynamic knowledge states of students based on their interaction histories. However, existing KT models often rely on a global…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Han Liao , Shuaishuai Zu

Link prediction (LP) is crucial for Knowledge Graphs (KG) completion but commonly suffers from interpretability issues. While several methods have been proposed to explain embedding-based LP models, they are generally limited to local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ye Sun , Lei Shi , Yongxin Tong

A central goal of both knowledge tracing and traditional assessment is to quantify student knowledge and skills at a given point in time. Deep knowledge tracing flexibly considers a student's response history but does not quantify epistemic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-25 S. Thomas Christie , Carson Cook , Anna N. Rafferty

Knowledge Tracing (KT), which aims to model student knowledge level and predict their performance, is one of the most important applications of user modeling. Modern KT approaches model and maintain an up-to-date state of student knowledge…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Chunpai Wang , Shaghayegh Sahebi , Siqian Zhao , Peter Brusilovsky , Laura O. Moraes

We introduce probabilistic language tries (PLTs), a unified representation that makes explicit the prefix structure implicitly defined by any generative model over sequences. By assigning to each outgoing edge the conditional probability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Gregory Magarshak

Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

Relation prediction in knowledge graphs is dominated by embedding based methods which mainly focus on the transductive setting. Unfortunately, they are not able to handle inductive learning where unseen entities and relations are present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Hanwen Zha , Zhiyu Chen , Xifeng Yan

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have found many applications in industry and academic settings, which in turn, have motivated considerable research efforts towards large-scale information extraction from a variety of sources. Despite such efforts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Andrea Rossi , Donatella Firmani , Antonio Matinata , Paolo Merialdo , Denilson Barbosa

Knowledge-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has recently received significant attention, which aims to incorporate factual knowledge into PLMs. However, most existing methods modify the internal structures of fixed types of PLMs by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Jianing Wang , Wenkang Huang , Qiuhui Shi , Hongbin Wang , Minghui Qiu , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

Many models learn representations of knowledge graph data by exploiting its low-rank latent structure, encoding known relations between entities and enabling unknown facts to be inferred. To predict whether a relation holds between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Carl Allen , Ivana Balažević , Timothy Hospedales

Knowledge graphs (KGs), as structured representations of real world facts, are intelligent databases incorporating human knowledge that can help machine imitate the way of human problem solving. However, KGs are usually huge and there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Haotian Li , Hongri Liu , Yao Wang , Guodong Xin , Yuliang Wei