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Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across various visual understanding and reasoning tasks, driven by incorporating image representations into the token inputs of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kevin Y. Li , Sachin Goyal , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

The prohibitive training costs of Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a significant bottleneck in the development of next-generation LLMs. In this paper, we show that it is possible to significantly reduce the training costs of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chenze Shao , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Cybersecurity has become one of the earliest adopters of agentic AI, as security operations centers increasingly rely on multi-step reasoning, tool-driven analysis, and rapid decision-making under pressure. While individual large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Vaishali Vinay

The study of social emergence has long been a central focus in social science. Traditional modeling approaches, such as rule-based Agent-Based Models (ABMs), struggle to capture the diversity and complexity of human behavior, particularly…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuzhe Yang , Yifei Zhang , Minghao Wu , Kaidi Zhang , Yunmiao Zhang , Honghai Yu , Yan Hu , Benyou Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems rely on optimized collaboration topologies to balance performance and communication costs. However, current methods struggle with the inherent stability-extensibility trade-off and often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xinkui Zhao , Sai Liu , Yifan Zhang , Qingyu Ma , Zewen Lin , Naibo Wang , Guanjie Cheng , Chang Liu , Yueshen Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

We develop a theoretical model that addresses the economic trade-off between cost per token versus serial token generation speed when deploying LLMs for inference at scale. Our model takes into account arithmetic, memory bandwidth, network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Ege Erdil

Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Songtao Wei , Jinxin Yang , Ayushi Kishore , Alysa Zhao , Dingyi Kang , Xu Hu , Feng Chen , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Current research on large language model (LLM) agents is fragmented: discussions of conceptual frameworks and methodological principles are frequently intertwined with low-level implementation details, causing both readers and authors to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haoyu Jia , Kento Kawaharazuka , Kei Okada

We introduce \textsc{Cattle Trade, a multi-agent benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) as agents in strategic reasoning under imperfect information, adversarial interaction, and resource constraints. The benchmark combines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Robert Müller , Clemens Müller

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, endowing it with sophisticated language understanding and generation capabilities. However, when faced with more complex and interconnected tasks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Thorsten Händler

In recent years, Large-Language-Model-driven AI agents have exhibited unprecedented intelligence and adaptability. Nowadays, agents are undergoing a new round of evolution. They no longer act as an isolated island like LLMs. Instead, they…

This paper explores the potential of a multidisciplinary approach to testing and aligning artificial intelligence (AI), specifically focusing on large language models (LLMs). Due to the rapid development and wide application of LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Matteo Cinelli , Dubravko Culibrk , Boris Delibasic

Autonomous agents have rapidly matured as task executors and seen widespread deployment via harnesses such as OpenClaw. Safety concerns have rightly drawn growing research attention, and beneath them lie the values silently steering agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haonan Dong , Qiguan Feng , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

The geometric evolution of token representations in large language models (LLMs) presents a fundamental paradox: while human language inherently organizes semantic information in low-dimensional spaces ($\sim 10^1$ dimensions), modern LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhuo-Yang Song , Zeyu Li , Qing-Hong Cao , Ming-xing Luo , Hua Xing Zhu

Current approaches to AI governance often fall short in anticipating a future where AI agents manage critical tasks, such as financial operations, administrative functions, and beyond. While cryptocurrencies could serve as the foundation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tomer Jordi Chaffer

Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in economic and strategic interactions, where communication via natural language is often prevalent. This raises key questions: Do LLMs behave rationally? How do they perform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eilam Shapira , Omer Madmon , Itamar Reinman , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Roi Reichart , Moshe Tennenholtz

The evolution of agentic systems represents a significant milestone in artificial intelligence and modern software systems, driven by the demand for vertical intelligence tailored to diverse industries. These systems enhance business…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Fouad Bousetouane

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

LLM agents are increasingly expected to carry out end-to-end workflows, producing complete artifacts from high-level user instructions. To meet enterprise needs, frontier AI labs have developed agents that can construct entire spreadsheets…