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Related papers: A Geometric Perspective on Next-Token Prediction i…

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Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabian Gloeckle , Badr Youbi Idrissi , Baptiste Rozière , David Lopez-Paz , Gabriel Synnaeve

Persistent memory is a central capability for AI agents, yet the mathematical foundations of memory retrieval, lifecycle management, and consistency remain unexplored. Current systems employ cosine similarity for retrieval, heuristic decay…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Varun Pratap Bhardwaj

The extent to which decoder-only language models (LMs) engage in planning, that is, organizing intermediate computations to support coherent long-range generation, remains an important question, with implications for interpretability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muhammed Ustaomeroglu , Baris Askin , Gauri Joshi , Carlee Joe-Wong , Guannan Qu

This paper introduces a novel hierarchical autoencoder that maps 3D models into a highly compressed latent space. The hierarchical autoencoder is specifically designed to tackle the challenges arising from large-scale datasets and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Biao Zhang , Peter Wonka

Transformers deliver outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and are now a dominant backbone architecture for large language models (LLMs). Their task-solving performance is improved by increasing parameter size, as shown in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Ying Zhang , Jingun Kwon , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Manabu Okumura , Taro Watanabe

Next-token prediction (NTP) over large text corpora has become the go-to paradigm to train large language models. Yet, it remains unclear how NTP influences the mapping of linguistic patterns to geometric properties of the resulting model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yize Zhao , Tina Behnia , Vala Vakilian , Christos Thrampoulidis

Tokenization is a necessary component within the current architecture of many language mod-els, including the transformer-based large language models (LLMs) of Generative AI, yet its impact on the model's cognition is often overlooked. We…

Autoregressive language models (LMs) generate one token at a time, yet human reasoning operates over higher-level abstractions - sentences, propositions, and concepts. This contrast raises a central question- Can LMs likewise learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hyeonbin Hwang , Byeongguk Jeon , Seungone Kim , Jiyeon Kim , Hoyeon Chang , Sohee Yang , Seungpil Won , Dohaeng Lee , Youbin Ahn , Minjoon Seo

Multi-step reasoning remains a central challenge for large language models: single-pass generation is efficient but lacks accuracy; tree-search methods explore multiple paths but are computation-heavy. We address this gap by distilling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuyu Liu , Haotian Xu , Yanan He , Sarang Rajendra Patil , Mengjia Xu , Tengfei Ma

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Decoder-only transformers have become the standard architecture for large language models (LLMs) due to their strong performance. Recent studies suggest that, in pre-trained LLMs, early, middle, and late layers may serve distinct roles:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuan Luo , Weizhi Wang , Xifeng Yan

Deep neural networks are widely used prediction algorithms whose performance often improves as the number of weights increases, leading to over-parametrization. We consider a two-layered neural network whose first layer is frozen while the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Roman Worschech , Bernd Rosenow

In this work we provide an analysis of the distribution of the post-adaptation parameters of Gradient-Based Meta-Learning (GBML) methods. Previous work has noticed how, for the case of image-classification, this adaptation only takes place…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Gustaf Tegnér , Alfredo Reichlin , Hang Yin , Mårten Björkman , Danica Kragic

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

The paradigm of Next Token Prediction (NTP) has driven the unprecedented success of Large Language Models (LLMs), but is also the source of their most persistent weaknesses such as poor long-term planning, error accumulation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charlie Wyatt , Aditya Joshi , Flora Salim

Despite the success of diffusion models (DMs), we still lack a thorough understanding of their latent space. While image editing with GANs builds upon latent space, DMs rely on editing the conditions such as text prompts. We present an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Yong-Hyun Park , Mingi Kwon , Junghyo Jo , Youngjung Uh

Transformer models have consistently achieved remarkable results in various domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. However, despite ongoing research efforts to better understand these models, the field still lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ilya Kaufman , Omri Azencot

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit abrupt emergent behavior, whereby new abilities arise at certain points during their training. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as a ''phase transition'', remains poorly understood. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yuko Nakagi , Keigo Tada , Sota Yoshino , Shinji Nishimoto , Yu Takagi

We introduce Options LLM (OLLM), a simple, general method that replaces the single next-token prediction of standard LLMs with a \textit{set of learned options} for the next token, indexed by a discrete latent variable. Instead of relying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shashank Sharma , Janina Hoffmann , Vinay Namboodiri