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Related papers: Do Agents Need to Plan Step-by-Step? Rethinking Pl…

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Planning is a fundamental task in artificial intelligence that involves finding a sequence of actions that achieve a specified goal in a given environment. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for applications that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Eran Hirsch , Guy Uziel , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Agents based on large language models (LLMs) struggle with brainless trial-and-error and generating hallucinatory actions due to a lack of global planning in long-horizon tasks. In this paper, we introduce a plan-and-execute framework and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shuzheng Si , Haozhe Zhao , Kangyang Luo , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Minjia Zhang , Baobao Chang , Maosong Sun

Long-horizon household tasks demand robust high-level planning and sustained reasoning capabilities, which are largely overlooked by existing embodied AI benchmarks that emphasize short-horizon navigation or manipulation and rely on fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zilin Zhu , Longteng Guo , Yanghong Mei , Bowen Pang , Zongxun Zhang , Xingjian He , Ruyi Ji , Jing Liu

Long-horizon workflow agents that operate effectively over extended periods are essential for truly autonomous systems. Their reliable execution critically depends on the ability to reason through ambiguous situations in which clarification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 George Pu , Michael S. Lee , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , David J. Lee , Bryan Zhu , Yash Maurya , Mohit Raghavendra , Yuan Xue , Samuel Marc Denton

Tool-augmented LLM agents tend to call tools indiscriminately, even when the model can answer directly. Each unnecessary call wastes API fees and latency, yet no existing benchmark systematically studies when a tool call is actually needed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chung-En Sun , Linbo Liu , Ge Yan , Zimo Wang , Tsui-Wei Weng

Recent advances in code generation models have unlocked unprecedented opportunities for automating feature engineering, yet their adoption in real-world ML teams remains constrained by critical challenges: (i) the scarcity of datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Himanshu Thakur , Anusha Kamath , Anurag Muthyala , Dhwani Sanmukhani , Smruthi Mukund , Jay Katukuri

We consider enhancing large language models (LLMs) for complex planning tasks. While existing methods allow LLMs to explore intermediate steps to make plans, they either depend on unreliable self-verification or external verifiers to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hongyi Ling , Shubham Parashar , Sambhav Khurana , Blake Olson , Anwesha Basu , Gaurangi Sinha , Zhengzhong Tu , James Caverlee , Shuiwang Ji

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in tool manipulation for complex task-solving. However, existing paradigms such as ReAct rely on sequential reasoning and execution, failing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaqi Wu , Qinlao Zhao , Zefeng Chen , Kai Qin , Yifei Zhao , Xueqian Wang , Yuhang Yao

Autonomous, goal-driven agents powered by LLMs have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging problems without the need for task-specific finetuned models that can be expensive to procure. Currently, the design and…

An important feature of pervasive, intelligent assistance systems is the ability to dynamically adapt to the current needs of their users. Hence, it is critical for such systems to be able to recognize those goals and needs based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Nils Wilken , Lea Cohausz , Johannes Schaum , Stefan Lüdtke , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Anticipating and adapting to failures is a key capability robots need to collaborate effectively with humans in complex domains. This continues to be a challenge despite the impressive performance of state of the art AI planning systems and…

Agentic AI architectures augment LLMs with external tools, unlocking strong capabilities. However, tool use is not always beneficial; some calls may be redundant or even harmful. Effective tool use, therefore, hinges on a core LLM decision:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qinyuan Wu , Soumi Das , Mahsa Amani , Arijit Nag , Seungeon Lee , Krishna P. Gummadi , Abhilasha Ravichander , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Tool-calling agents are increasingly deployed in real-world customer-facing workflows. Yet most studies on tool-calling agents focus on idealized settings with general, fixed, and well-specified tasks. In real-world applications, user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ziyi Wang , Yuxuan Lu , Yimeng Zhang , Pei Chen , Ziwei Dong , Jing Huang , Jiri Gesi , Xianfeng Tang , Chen Luo , Qun Liu , Yisi Sang , Hanqing Lu , Manling Li , Jin Lai , Dakuo Wang

Planning is a crucial task for agents in task oriented dialogs (TODs). Human agents typically resolve user issues by following predefined workflows, decomposing workflow steps into actionable items, and performing actions by executing APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shamik Roy , Sailik Sengupta , Daniele Bonadiman , Saab Mansour , Arshit Gupta

Long-horizon tasks that require sustained reasoning and multiple tool interactions remain challenging for LLM agents: small errors compound across steps, and even state-of-the-art models often hallucinate or lose coherence. We identify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Guangya Wan , Mingyang Ling , Xiaoqi Ren , Rujun Han , Sheng Li , Zizhao Zhang

Large language model (LLM) web agents are increasingly used for web navigation but remain far from human reliability on realistic, long-horizon tasks. Existing evaluations focus primarily on end-to-end success, offering limited insight into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Mohamed Aghzal , Gregory J. Stein , Ziyu Yao

Existing tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) encounter significant challenges when processing complex queries. Current frameworks such as ReAct are prone to local optimization traps due to their reliance on incremental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiaolong Wei , Yuehu Dong , Xingliang Wang , Xingyu Zhang , Zhejun Zhao , Dongdong Shen , Long Xia , Dawei Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results on tasks framed as reasoning problems, yet their true ability to perform procedural reasoning, executing multi-step, rule-based computations remains unclear. Unlike algorithmic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Mahdi Samiei , Mahdi Mansouri , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

In this study, we address the challenge of learning generalizable policies for compositional tasks defined by logical specifications. These tasks consist of multiple temporally extended sub-tasks. Due to the sub-task inter-dependencies and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri