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We aim to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework that answers questions over a corpus of visually-rich documents presented in mixed modalities (e.g., charts, tables) and diverse formats (e.g., PDF, PPTX). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ryota Tanaka , Taichi Iki , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito , Jun Suzuki

Despite progress in visual perception tasks such as image classification and detection, computers still struggle to understand the interdependency of objects in the scene as a whole, e.g., relations between objects or their attributes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Xiaodan Liang , Lisa Lee , Eric P. Xing

Visually rich documents (VRDs) are ubiquitous in daily business and life. Examples are purchase receipts, insurance policy documents, custom declaration forms and so on. In VRDs, visual and layout information is critical for document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Xiaojing Liu , Feiyu Gao , Qiong Zhang , Huasha Zhao

Dense retrieval has achieved impressive advances in first-stage retrieval from a large-scale document collection, which is built on bi-encoder architecture to produce single vector representation of query and document. However, a document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Shunyu Zhang , Yaobo Liang , Ming Gong , Daxin Jiang , Nan Duan

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR), which aims to retrieve relevant pages within vast corpora of visually-rich documents, is of significance in current multimodal retrieval applications. The state-of-the-art multi-vector paradigm excels in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yibo Yan , Mingdong Ou , Yi Cao , Xin Zou , Jiahao Huo , Shuliang Liu , James Kwok , Xuming Hu

Large language models have become multimodal, and many of them are said to integrate their modalities using common representations. If this were true, a drawing of a car as an image, for instance, should map to a similar area in the latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Diogo Freitas , Brigt Håvardstun , Cèsar Ferri , Darío Garigliotti , Jan Arne Telle , José Hernández-Orallo

Current research in form understanding predominantly relies on large pre-trained language models, necessitating extensive data for pre-training. However, the importance of layout structure (i.e., the spatial relationship between the entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Pritika Ramu , Sijia Wang , Lalla Mouatadid , Joy Rimchala , Lifu Huang

Cross-Encoder (CE) and Dual-Encoder (DE) models are two fundamental approaches for query-document relevance in information retrieval. To predict relevance, CE models use joint query-document embeddings, while DE models maintain factorized…

Dense retrieval models use bi-encoder network architectures for learning query and document representations. These representations are often in the form of a vector representation and their similarities are often computed using the dot…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Hamed Zamani , Michael Bendersky

Disentangled representation learning remains challenging as the underlying factors of variation in the data do not naturally exist. The inherent complexity of real-world data makes it unfeasible to exhaustively enumerate and encapsulate all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Jiawei Zhou , Xiaoguang Li , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Lei Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation has proven practical when models require specialized knowledge or access to the latest data. However, existing methods for multimodal document retrieval often replicate techniques developed for text-only…

One of the central challenges in visual place recognition (VPR) is learning a robust global representation that remains discriminative under large viewpoint changes, illumination variations, and severe domain shifts. While visual foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hanyu Zhu , Zhihao Zhan , Yuhang Ming , Liang Li , Dibo Hou , Javier Civera , Wanzeng Kong

Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream task. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Souhail Bakkali , Zuheng Ming , Mickael Coustaty , Marçal Rusiñol , Oriol Ramos Terrades

Neural information retrieval (IR) has greatly advanced search and other knowledge-intensive language tasks. While many neural IR methods encode queries and documents into single-vector representations, late interaction models produce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Keshav Santhanam , Omar Khattab , Jon Saad-Falcon , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

Multi-modal document pre-trained models have proven to be very effective in a variety of visually-rich document understanding (VrDU) tasks. Though existing document pre-trained models have achieved excellent performance on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Chuwei Luo , Guozhi Tang , Qi Zheng , Cong Yao , Lianwen Jin , Chenliang Li , Yang Xue , Luo Si

In this work, we tackle the problem of text-to-video retrieval (T2VR). Inspired by the success of late interaction techniques in text-document, text-image, and text-video retrieval, our approach, Video-ColBERT, introduces a simple and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Arun Reddy , Alexander Martin , Eugene Yang , Andrew Yates , Kate Sanders , Kenton Murray , Reno Kriz , Celso M. de Melo , Benjamin Van Durme , Rama Chellappa

Advances in Visually Rich Document Understanding (VrDU) have enabled information extraction and question answering over documents with complex layouts. Two tropes of architectures have emerged -- transformer-based models inspired by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Dongsheng Wang , Zhiqiang Ma , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Kang Gu , Sameena Shah

BERT based ranking models have achieved superior performance on various information retrieval tasks. However, the large number of parameters and complex self-attention operation come at a significant latency overhead. To remedy this, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Nachshon Cohen , Amit Portnoy , Besnik Fetahu , Amir Ingber

Our target is to learn visual correspondence from unlabeled videos. We develop LIIR, a locality-aware inter-and intra-video reconstruction framework that fills in three missing pieces, i.e., instance discrimination, location awareness, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Liulei Li , Tianfei Zhou , Wenguan Wang , Lu Yang , Jianwu Li , Yi Yang

Recommendation systems, for documents, have become tools to find relevant content on the Web. However, these systems have limitations when it comes to recommending documents in languages different from the query language, which means they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Eduard-Raul Kontos , Matthia Sabatelli , Matias Valdenegro-Toro