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Bandwidth-constrained distributed reinforcement learning (RL) post-training of large language models is bottlenecked by two channels: weight synchronization from trainers to inference workers, and gradient or pseudo-gradient synchronization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Erfan Miahi , Eugene Belilovsky

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become essential for eliciting complex reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the substantial memory overhead of storing Key-Value (KV) caches during long-horizon rollouts acts as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sijia Luo , Xiaokang Zhang , Yuxuan Hu , Bohan Zhang , Ke Wang , Jinbo Su , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Jing Zhang

LLM post-training with reinforcement learning (RL) requires frequent synchronization of large model parameters between the trainer and distributed rollout actors. High-throughput RL post-training therefore relies on dedicated RDMA HPC…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chaoyi Ruan , Geng Luo , Xinyi Wan , Long Zhao , Qinghe Wang , Jiaan Zhu , Duling Xu , Guanbin Xu , Dehui Wei , Xiang Liu , Cheng Li , Haifeng Sun , Congcong Miao , Jialin Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a key post-pretraining step for aligning large language models (LLMs) with complex tasks and human preferences. While it is often assumed that RL fine-tuning requires updating most of a model's parameters, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Andrii Balashov

One main challenge in federated learning is the large communication cost of exchanging weight updates from clients to the server at each round. While prior work has made great progress in compressing the weight updates through gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Berivan Isik , Francesco Pase , Deniz Gunduz , Tsachy Weissman , Michele Zorzi

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

While sparse attention mitigates the computational bottleneck of long-context LLM training, its distributed training process exhibits extreme heterogeneity in both \textit{1)} sequence length and \textit{2)} sparsity sensitivity, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Hongtao Xu , Jianchao Tan , Yuxuan Hu , Pengju Lu , Hongyu Wang , Pingwei Sun , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia

Cross-correlation is a popular signal processing technique used in numerous location tracking systems for obtaining reliable range information. However, its efficient design and practical implementation has not yet been achieved on mote…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Prasant Misra , Wen Hu , Mingrui Yang , Marco Duarte , Sanjay Jha

In this paper, we investigate the use of small datasets in the context of offline reinforcement learning (RL). While many common offline RL benchmarks employ datasets with over a million data points, many offline RL applications rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Samin Yeasar Arnob , Scott Fujimoto , Doina Precup

Communication-efficient distributed training algorithms have received considerable interest recently due to their benefits for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in bandwidth-constrained settings, such as across datacenters and over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Amir Sarfi , Benjamin Thérien , Joel Lidin , Eugene Belilovsky

Large language models are increasingly used for complex reasoning tasks where high-quality offline data such as expert-annotated solutions and distilled reasoning traces are often available. However, in environments with sparse rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yihao Liu , Shuocheng Li , Lang Cao , Yuhang Xie , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Xiaojun Ma , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training for Large Language Models (LLMs) is now scaling to large clusters and running for extended durations to enhance model reasoning performance. However, the scalability of existing RL frameworks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Guangming Sheng , Yuxuan Tong , Borui Wan , Wang Zhang , Chaobo Jia , Xibin Wu , Yuqi Wu , Xiang Li , Chi Zhang , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Xin Liu , Chuan Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown to provide superb performance in many real life applications, but their large computation cost and storage requirement have prevented them from being deployed to many edge and internet-of-things (IoT)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Minghai Qin , Tianyun Zhang , Fei Sun , Yen-Kuang Chen , Makan Fardad , Yanzhi Wang , Yuan Xie

Distributed training is the de facto standard to scale up the training of deep learning models with multiple GPUs. Its performance bottleneck lies in communications for gradient synchronization. Although high tensor sparsity is widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhuang Wang , Zhaozhuo Xu , Jingyi Xi , Yuke Wang , Anshumali Shrivastava , T. S. Eugene Ng

As the size of datasets used in statistical learning continues to grow, distributed training of models has attracted increasing attention. These methods partition the data and exploit parallelism to reduce memory and runtime, but suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Fred Lu , Ryan R. Curtin , Edward Raff , Francis Ferraro , James Holt

Current methods for training recurrent neural networks are based on backpropagation through time, which requires storing a complete history of network states, and prohibits updating the weights `online' (after every timestep). Real Time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Jacob Menick , Erich Elsen , Utku Evci , Simon Osindero , Karen Simonyan , Alex Graves

Applying machine learning techniques to the quickly growing data in science and industry requires highly-scalable algorithms. Large datasets are most commonly processed "data parallel" distributed across many nodes. Each node's contribution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Cedric Renggli , Saleh Ashkboos , Mehdi Aghagolzadeh , Dan Alistarh , Torsten Hoefler

Reinforcement learning (RL) yields substantial improvements in large language models (LLMs) downstream task performance and alignment with human values. Surprisingly, such large gains result from updating only a small subnetwork comprising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Sagnik Mukherjee , Lifan Yuan , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Hao Peng

Recent research has focused on weight sparsity in deep neural network training to reduce FLOPs, aiming for improved efficiency (test accuracy w.r.t training FLOPs). However, sparse weight training often compromises accuracy, requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Vithursan Thangarasa , Shreyas Saxena , Abhay Gupta , Sean Lie

Data and pipeline parallelism are key strategies for scaling neural network training across distributed devices, but their high communication cost necessitates co-located computing clusters with fast interconnects, limiting their…

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