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Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used by physicians for the diagnosis of numerous neurological disorders. Due to the large volume of EEGs requiring interpretation and the specific expertise involved, artificial intelligence-based…

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

EEG foundation models are typically pretrained on narrow-source clinical archives and evaluated on benchmarks from the same ecosystem, leaving unclear whether representations encode neural physiology or recording-distribution artifacts. We…

A significant challenge in the electroencephalogram EEG lies in the fact that current data representations involve multiple electrode signals, resulting in data redundancy and dominant lead information. However extensive research conducted…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Huyen Ngo , Khoi Do , Duong Nguyen , Viet Dung Nguyen , Lan Dang

This thesis delves into the world of non-invasive electrophysiological brain signals like electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), focusing on modelling and decoding such data. The research aims to investigate what…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Richard Csaky

The classification of harmful brain activities, such as seizures and periodic discharges, play a vital role in neurocritical care, enabling timely diagnosis and intervention. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shivraj Singh Bhatti , Aryan Yadav , Mitali Monga , Neeraj Kumar

Automated analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has recently undergone a paradigm shift. The introduction of transformer architectures and self-supervised pretraining (SSL) has led to the development of EEG foundation models. These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-04 Hannah Portmann , Yosuke Morishima

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a complex signal and can require several years of training to be correctly interpreted. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great promise in helping make sense of EEG signals due to its capacity to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Yannick Roy , Hubert Banville , Isabela Albuquerque , Alexandre Gramfort , Tiago H. Falk , Jocelyn Faubert

Over recent decades, neuroimaging tools, particularly electroencephalography (EEG), have revolutionized our understanding of the brain and its functions. EEG is extensively used in traditional brain-computer interface (BCI) systems due to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-12 Zaineb Ajra , Binbin Xu , Gérard Dray , Jacky Montmain , Stéphane Perrey

EEG foundation models aim to learn reusable representations across heterogeneous paradigms, yet existing approaches often use uniform adaptation mechanisms and are typically reported under separate downstream fine-tuning protocols. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Kun Zhu , Jie Li

Electroencephalography (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) are two widely used techniques to record electrical activity from the brain. These signals are used in both the clinical and research domains for multiple applications. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Manuel A. Hernandez Alonso , Michael Depass , Stephan Quessy , Ali Falaki , Soraya Rahimi , Numa Dancause , Ignasi Cos

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces that decode spoken commands from electroencephalogram must be both accurate and trustworthy. We present a confidence-aware decoding framework that couples deep ensembles of compact, speech-oriented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soowon Kim , Byung-Kwan Ko , Seo-Hyun Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Electroencephalography foundation models (EEG-FMs) have advanced brain signal analysis, but the lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks impedes model comparison and scientific progress. Current evaluations rely on inconsistent protocols…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Jie Li , Kun Zhu , Changjun Jiang

Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as an effective diagnostic tool for mental disorders and neurological abnormalities. Enhanced analysis and classification of EEG signals can help improve detection performance. A new approach is examined…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Lubna Shibly Mokatren , Rashid Ansari , Ahmet Enis Cetin , Alex D Leow , Heide Klumpp , Olusola Ajilore , Fatos Yarman Vural

The functional and structural representation of the brain as a complex network is marked by the fact that the comparison of noisy and intrinsically correlated high-dimensional structures between experimental conditions or groups shuns…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-25 Tommaso Furlanello , Marco Cristoforetti , Cesare Furlanello , Giuseppe Jurman

Electroencephalography (EEG) offers detailed access to neural dynamics but remains constrained by noise and trial-by-trial variability, limiting decoding performance in data-restricted or complex paradigms. Data augmentation is often…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Woojae Jeong , Wenhui Cui , Kleanthis Avramidis , Takfarinas Medani , Shrikanth Narayanan , Richard Leahy

Neurological disorders pose major global health challenges, driving advances in brain signal analysis. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring. However, dataset…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-24 Jiahe Li , Xin Chen , Fanqi Shen , Junru Chen , Yuxin Liu , Daoze Zhang , Zhizhang Yuan , Fang Zhao , Meng Li , Yang Yang

Electroencephalography (EEG) decoding is a challenging task due to the limited availability of labelled data. While transfer learning is a promising technique to address this challenge, it assumes that transferable data domains and task are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Bruno Aristimunha , Raphael Y. de Camargo , Walter H. Lopez Pinaya , Sylvain Chevallier , Alexandre Gramfort , Cedric Rommel

Clinical electroencephalography is routinely used to evaluate patients with diverse and often overlapping neurological conditions, yet interpretation remains manual, time-intensive, and variable across experts. While automated EEG analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta