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As autonomous code agents move toward end-to-end software development, evaluating their practical autonomy becomes critical. Current benchmarks hide friction by testing agents in pre-configured environments, and their static evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hao Guan , Lingyue Fu , Shao Zhang , Yaoming Zhu , Kangning Zhang , Lin Qiu , Xunliang Cai , Xuezhi Cao , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Large language models generate plausible code but cannot verify correctness. Existing multi-agent systems simulate execution or leave verification optional. We introduce execution-grounded verification as a first-class principle: every code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rajesh Kumar , Waqar Ali , Junaid Ahmed , Najma Imtiaz Ali , Shaban Usman

Agentic Software Engineering (SE 3.0) represents a new era where intelligent agents are tasked not with simple code generation, but with achieving complex, goal-oriented SE objectives. To harness these new capabilities while ensuring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ahmed E. Hassan , Hao Li , Dayi Lin , Bram Adams , Tse-Hsun Chen , Yutaro Kashiwa , Dong Qiu

Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Renxi Wang , Rifo Ahmad Genadi , Bilal El Bouardi , Yongxin Wang , Fajri Koto , Zhengzhong Liu , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Autonomous agents, which perceive environments and take actions to achieve goals, have become increasingly feasible with the advancements in large language models (LLMs). However, current powerful agents often depend on sophisticated prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Xiaorui Wang , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Existing backdoor attacks on Large Language Model-based agents remain stateless, executing fixed behaviors confined to a single session. We propose a stateful agent backdoor that extends the attack lifecycle across multiple sessions under…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhengchunmin Dai , Jiaxiong Tang , Liantao Wu , Peng Sun , Honglong Chen

The surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs) has opened doors for new approaches to the creation of interactive agents. However, managing and interpreting the temporal behavior of such agents over the course of a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Raven Rothkopf , Hannah Tongxin Zeng , Mark Santolucito

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping almost all industries, including software engineering. In recent years, a number of LLM agents have been proposed to solve real-world software problems. Such software agents are typically equipped…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Zhe Wang , Yan Yang , Yuxiang Wei , Lingming Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to solve a wide range of practical tasks within multi-agent systems. However, existing human-designed multi-agent frameworks are typically limited to a small set of pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yaolun Zhang , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

LLM agents are increasingly used for code generation, but physics-based simulation poses a deeper challenge: natural-language descriptions of simulation models are inherently underspecified, and different admissible resolutions of implicit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Knut-Andreas Lie , Olav Møyner , Elling Svee , Jakob Torben

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

We present a framework for evaluating and benchmarking logical reasoning agents when assessment itself must be reproducible, auditable, and robust to execution failures. Building on agentified assessment, we use an assessor agent to issue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhiyu Ni , Yifeng Xiao , Zheng Liang

Agentic systems are modern software systems: they consist of orchestrated modules, expose interfaces, and are deployed in software pipelines. Unlike conventional programs, their execution, i.e., trajectories, is inherently stochastic and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuyang Liu , Yang Chen , Rahul Krishna , Saurabh Sinha , Jatin Ganhotra , Reyhan Jabbarvand

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but many methods still rely on large human-labeled datasets. While self-play reduces this dependency, it often lacks explicit planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Peng , Xinxin Zhu , Chenxing Wei , Nianbo Zeng , Leilei Wang , Ying Tiffany He , F. Richard Yu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in learned tasks, yet they often struggle to adapt to non-stationary environments with feedback. While In-Context Learning and external memory offer some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lu Yang , Zelai Xu , Minyang Xie , Jiaxuan Gao , Zhao Shok , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

We build deep RL agents that execute declarative programs expressed in formal language. The agents learn to ground the terms in this language in their environment, and can generalize their behavior at test time to execute new programs that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Misha Denil , Sergio Gómez Colmenarejo , Serkan Cabi , David Saxton , Nando de Freitas

Agentic AI will be an essential enabling technology for designing future mobile communication systems, which could provide flexible and customized services, automate complex network operations, and drive autonomous decision-making across…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Purna Sai Garigipati , Onur Ayan , Kishor Chandra Joshi , Xueli An

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed automation in customer service, yet benchmarking their performance remains challenging. Existing benchmarks predominantly rely on static paradigms and single-dimensional metrics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ling Shi , Yuqin Dai , Ziyin Wang , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Chaozheng Wang , Yujie Wang , Wei He , Jinpeng Wang , Deiyi Xiong

Deploying language-model agents in production often requires substantial compute and human effort to tune prompts, parsers, validators, and other components of the agent pipeline. Self-evolution offers a promising alternative, but most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chen Ling , Pei Chen , Albert Guan , Jiaming Qu , Shayan Ali Akbar , Madhu Gopinathan , Erwin Cornejo

We propose a novel in-context learning algorithm for building autonomous decision-making language agents. The language agent continuously attempts to solve the same task by self-correcting each time the task fails. Our selected language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Abhishek Dutta , Yen-Che Hsiao
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