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Optimization is essential in deep learning. The foundational method upon which most optimizers are built is momentum-based stochastic gradient descent. However, it suffers from two key drawbacks. First, it has noisy and varying gradients,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Saurabh Saini , Kapil Ahuja , Thomas Wick , Saurav Kumar

Federated learning is vulnerable to poisoning and backdoor attacks under partial observability. We formulate defence as a partially observable sequential decision problem and introduce a trust-aware Deep Q-Network that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Vedant Palit

The learning rate warmup heuristic achieves remarkable success in stabilizing training, accelerating convergence and improving generalization for adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms like RMSprop and Adam. Here, we study its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Liyuan Liu , Haoming Jiang , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Xiaodong Liu , Jianfeng Gao , Jiawei Han

In this paper, we develop a recommender system for a game that suggests potential items to players based on their interactive behaviors to maximize revenue for the game provider. Our approach is built on a reinforcement learning-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Hung Nguyen , Minh Nguyen , Long Pham , Jennifer Adorno Nieves

Knowledge and language understanding of models evaluated through question answering (QA) has been usually studied on static snapshots of knowledge, like Wikipedia. However, our world is dynamic, evolves over time, and our models' knowledge…

This paper studies the adversarial-robustness of importance-sampling (aka sensitivity sampling); a useful algorithmic technique that samples elements with probabilities proportional to some measure of their importance. A streaming or online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yotam Kenneth-Mordoch , Shay Sapir

We study algorithms in the resettable streaming model, where the value of each key can either be increased or reset to zero. The model is suitable for applications such as active resource monitoring with support for deletions and machine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Edith Cohen , Elena Gribelyuk , Jelani Nelson , Uri Stemmer

Adaptive optimization algorithms, particularly Adam and its variant AdamW, are fundamental components of modern deep learning. However, their training dynamics lack comprehensive theoretical understanding, with limited insight into why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Rhys Gould , Hidenori Tanaka

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated impressive performance in various gaming simulators and real-world applications. In practice, however, a DRL agent may receive faulty observation by abrupt interferences such as black-out,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Chao-Han Huck Yang , I-Te Danny Hung , Yi Ouyang , Pin-Yu Chen

Adaptive gradient methods such as Adam have been shown to be very effective for training deep neural networks (DNNs) by tracking the second moment of gradients to compute the individual learning rates. Differently from existing methods, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Guoqiang Zhang , Kenta Niwa , W. Bastiaan Kleijn

In the adversarially robust streaming model, a stream of elements is presented to an algorithm and is allowed to depend on the output of the algorithm at earlier times during the stream. In the classic insertion-only model of data streams,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-24 David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning harnesses the stability of offline pretraining and the flexibility of online fine-tuning. A key challenge lies in the non-stationary distribution shift between offline datasets and the evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Letian Yang , Xu Liu , Yiqiang Lu , Jian Liu , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Li

The vast majority of successful deep neural networks are trained using variants of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms. Recent attempts to improve SGD can be broadly categorized into two approaches: (1) adaptive learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Michael R. Zhang , James Lucas , Geoffrey Hinton , Jimmy Ba

Reinforcement learning is a promising paradigm for learning robot control, allowing complex control policies to be learned without requiring a dynamics model. However, even state of the art algorithms can be difficult to tune for optimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Renata Garcia , Wouter Caarls

Transformers are neural network models that utilize multiple layers of self-attention heads and have exhibited enormous potential in natural language processing tasks. Meanwhile, there have been efforts to adapt transformers to visual tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Li Meng , Morten Goodwin , Anis Yazidi , Paal Engelstad

We address the challenge of representation learning from a continuous stream of video as input, in a self-supervised manner. This differs from the standard approaches to video learning where videos are chopped and shuffled during training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Tengda Han , Dilara Gokay , Joseph Heyward , Chuhan Zhang , Daniel Zoran , Viorica Pătrăucean , João Carreira , Dima Damen , Andrew Zisserman

We present a study in Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning (DDRL) focused on scalability of a state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithm known as Batch Asynchronous Advantage ActorCritic (BA3C). We show that using the Adam…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Igor Adamski , Robert Adamski , Tomasz Grel , Adam Jędrych , Kamil Kaczmarek , Henryk Michalewski

Dynamic streams from news feeds, social media, sensor networks, and financial markets challenge static RAG frameworks. Full-scale indices incur high memory costs; periodic rebuilds introduce latency that undermines data freshness; naive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yuzhou Zhu

In this work, we build on recent advances in distributional reinforcement learning to give a generally applicable, flexible, and state-of-the-art distributional variant of DQN. We achieve this by using quantile regression to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Will Dabney , Georg Ostrovski , David Silver , Rémi Munos

The security of cloud environments, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), is complex and dynamic. Static security policies have become inadequate as threats evolve and cloud resources exhibit elasticity [1]. This paper addresses the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Muhammad Saqib , Dipkumar Mehta , Fnu Yashu , Shubham Malhotra