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The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has extended CLIP-based frameworks to produce powerful, universal embeddings for retrieval tasks. However, existing methods primarily focus on natural images, offering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Weijian Jian , Yajun Zhang , Dawei Liang , Chunyu Xie , Yixiao He , Dawei Leng , Yuhui Yin

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have achieved high performance in vision-language tasks involving single image but they struggle when presented with a collection of multiple images (Multiple Image Question Answering scenario). These tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Aaryan Sharma , Shivansh Gupta , Samar Agarwal , Vishak Prasad C. , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Dense retrieval compresses texts into single embeddings ranked by cosine similarity. While efficient for recall, this interface is brittle for identity-level matching: minimal compositional edits (negation, role swaps) flip meaning yet…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Radoslav Ralev , Aditeya Baral , Iliya Zhechev , Jen Agarwal , Srijith Rajamohan

Retrieval models based on dense representations in semantic space have become an indispensable branch for first-stage retrieval. These retrievers benefit from surging advances in representation learning towards compressive global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang

Ad-hoc search calls for the selection of appropriate answers from a massive-scale corpus. Nowadays, the embedding-based retrieval (EBR) becomes a promising solution, where deep learning based document representation and ANN search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Weihao Han , Jianjin Zhang , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian , Chaozhuo Li , Hao Sun , Denvy Deng , Liangjie Zhang , Qi Zhang , Xing Xie

Multimodal retrieval systems struggle to resolve image-text queries against text-only corpora: the best vision-language encoder achieves only 27.6 nDCG@10 on MM-BRIGHT, underperforming strong text-only retrievers. We argue the bottleneck is…

Dense retrieval has become the industry standard in large-scale information retrieval systems due to its high efficiency and competitive accuracy. Its core relies on a coarse-to-fine hierarchical architecture that enables rapid candidate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Huimu Wang , Yiming Qiu , Xingzhi Yao , Zhiguo Chen , Guoyu Tang , Songlin Wang , Sulong Xu , Mingming Li

This paper introduces {HINER}, a novel neural representation for compressing HSI and ensuring high-quality downstream tasks on compressed HSI. HINER fully exploits inter-spectral correlations by explicitly encoding of spectral wavelengths…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Junqi Shi , Mingyi Jiang , Ming Lu , Tong Chen , Xun Cao , Zhan Ma

We propose a two-stage "Mine and Refine" contrastive training framework for semantic text embeddings to enhance multi-category e-commerce search retrieval. Large scale e-commerce search demands embeddings that generalize to long tail, noisy…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jiaqi Xi , Raghav Saboo , Luming Chen , Martin Wang , Sudeep Das

Over the last few years, contextualized pre-trained transformer models such as BERT have provided substantial improvements on information retrieval tasks. Recent approaches based on pre-trained transformer models such as BERT, fine-tune…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Negar Arabzadeh , Xinyi Yan , Charles L. A. Clarke

Vector search plays a crucial role in many real-world applications. In addition to single-vector search, multi-vector search becomes important for multi-modal and multi-feature scenarios today. In a multi-vector database, each row is an…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiongli Zhu , Yue Wang , Bailu Ding , Philip A. Bernstein , Vivek Narasayya , Surajit Chaudhuri

Conversational dense retrieval has shown to be effective in conversational search. However, a major limitation of conversational dense retrieval is their lack of interpretability, hindering intuitive understanding of model behaviors for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiruo Cheng , Kelong Mao , Zhicheng Dou

Recently, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable effectiveness for multi-modal tasks due to their abilities to generate and understand cross-modal data. However, processing long sequences of visual tokens extracted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Haicheng Wang , Zhemeng Yu , Gabriele Spadaro , Chen Ju , Victor Quétu , Shuai Xiao , Enzo Tartaglione

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have been popular for generative applications, powering language models by injecting external knowledge. Companies have been trying to leverage their large catalog of documents (e.g. PDFs,…

Passage retrieval is a fundamental task in many information systems, such as web search and question answering, where both efficiency and effectiveness are critical concerns. In recent years, neural retrievers based on pre-trained language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Qian Dong , Yiding Liu , Qingyao Ai , Haitao Li , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yiqun Liu , Dawei Yin , Shaoping Ma

This report explores the enhancement of text retrieval performance using advanced data refinement techniques. We develop Linq-Embed-Mistral\footnote{\url{https://huggingface.co/Linq-AI-Research/Linq-Embed-Mistral}} by building on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Chanyeol Choi , Junseong Kim , Seolhwa Lee , Jihoon Kwon , Sangmo Gu , Yejin Kim , Minkyung Cho , Jy-yong Sohn

Recent progress in neural information retrieval has demonstrated large gains in effectiveness, while often sacrificing the efficiency and interpretability of the neural model compared to classical approaches. This paper proposes ColBERTer,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Sebastian Hofstätter , Omar Khattab , Sophia Althammer , Mete Sertkan , Allan Hanbury

AI is transforming pharmaceutical search, where traditional systems struggle with multimodal content and manual curation. Finder is a scalable AI-powered framework that unifies retrieval across text, images, audio, and video using hybrid…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Suyash Mishra , Srikanth Patil , Satyanarayan Pati , Sagar Sahu , Baddu Narendra

Vision-Language Model (VLM) based retrievers have advanced visual document retrieval (VDR) to impressive quality. They require the same multi-billion parameter encoder for both document indexing and query encoding, incurring high latency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhuchenyang Liu , Yao Zhang , Yu Xiao

Recent progress in information retrieval finds that embedding query and document representation into multi-vector yields a robust bi-encoder retriever on out-of-distribution datasets. In this paper, we explore whether late interaction, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Xinyu Zhang , Minghan Li , Jimmy Lin