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Related papers: PrefixGuard: From LLM-Agent Traces to Online Failu…

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Prefix adders are fundamental arithmetic circuits, but their design space grows exponentially with bit-width, posing significant optimization challenges. Previous works face limitations in performance, generalization, and scalability. To…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Dongsheng Zuo , Jiadong Zhu , Yang Luo , Yuzhe Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on optimizations like Automatic Prefix Caching (APC) to accelerate inference. APC works by reusing previously computed states for the beginning part of a request (prefix), when another request starts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Panagiotis Georgios Pennas , Konstantinos Papaioannou , Marco Guarnieri , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

In many practical LLM deployments, a single guardrail is used for both prompt and response moderation. Prompt moderation operates on fully observed text, whereas streaming response moderation requires safety decisions to be made over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Pride Kavumba , Koki Wataoka , Huy H. Nguyen , Jiaxuan Li , Masaya Ohagi

Fine-tuning is an essential process to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in specific domains, with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) gaining popularity due to its capacity to reduce computational demands through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Yule Liu , Chenhao Lin , Xinlei He , Rongmao Chen , Xingshuo Han , Xinyi Huang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly operate across domains such as robotics, virtual assistants, and web automation. However, their stochastic decision-making introduces safety risks that are difficult to anticipate during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jiali Wei , Jun Sun

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), where adversaries can embed hidden triggers to manipulate LLM's outputs. Most existing defense methods, primarily designed for classification tasks, are ineffective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Wenshu Fan , Wenbo Jiang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

In recent years, the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, research indicates that LLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries can induce the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jiawei Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Xiaojian Yuan , Weiming Zhang

Reliable detection of deceptive behavior in Large Language Model (LLM) agents is an essential prerequisite for safe deployment in high-stakes agentic contexts. Prior work on scheming detection has focused exclusively on black-box monitors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Snehasis Mukhopadhyay

Ensuring the safety of LLM-generated content is essential for real-world deployment. Most existing guardrail models formulate moderation as a fixed binary classification task, implicitly assuming a fixed definition of harmfulness. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhihao Ding , Jinming Li , Ze Lu , Jieming Shi

Beyond simple text generation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into agentic systems capable of planning and interacting with external tools to solve complex tasks. This evolution involves fine-tuning LLMs on agent-specific tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dongyoon Hahm , Taywon Min , Woogyeol Jin , Kimin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world fact-checking systems, yet existing evaluations focus predominantly on claim verification and overlook the broader fact-checking workflow, including claim extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Hongzhan Lin , Zixin Chen , Zhiqi Shen , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Jing Ma , Tat-Seng Chua , Guandong Xu

Web agents have emerged as an effective paradigm for automating interactions with complex web environments, yet remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks that embed malicious instructions into webpage content to induce unintended…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Mengyao Du , Han Fang , Haokai Ma , Jiahao Chen , Kai Xu , Quanjun Yin , Ee-Chien Chang

The rapid development of autonomous web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), while greatly elevating efficiency, exposes the frontier risk of taking unintended or harmful actions. This situation underscores an urgent need for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Boyuan Zheng , Zeyi Liao , Scott Salisbury , Zeyuan Liu , Michael Lin , Qinyuan Zheng , Zifan Wang , Xiang Deng , Dawn Song , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Streaming services have reshaped how we discover and engage with digital entertainment. Despite these advancements, effectively understanding the wide spectrum of user search queries continues to pose a significant challenge. An accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Farnoosh Javadi , Phanideep Gampa , Alyssa Woo , Xingxing Geng , Hang Zhang , Jose Sepulveda , Belhassen Bayar , Fei Wang

Fraud detection and anti-money-laundering (AML) compliance are high-value domains for large language models (LLMs), but their serving requirements differ sharply from generic chat workloads. Compliance prompts are often prefix-heavy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Prathamesh Vasudeo Naik , Naresh Dintakurthi , Yue Wang

Despite possessing impressive skills, Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail unpredictably, demonstrating inconsistent success in even basic common sense reasoning tasks. This unpredictability poses a significant challenge to ensuring…

Modern software systems generate massive volumes of runtime logs, necessitating efficient and accurate log parsing to enable critical downstream tasks such as anomaly detection and root cause analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yilun Wang , Pengfei Chen , Haiyu Huang , Zilong He , Gou Tan , Chuanfu Zhang , Jingkai He , Zibin Zheng

The advancement of Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents has enabled automated task processing through reasoning and tool invocation capabilities. However, existing frameworks often operate under the idealized assumption that tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhipeng Chen , Zhongrui Zhang , Chao Zhang , Yifan Xu , Lan Yang , Jun Liu , Ke Li , Yi-Zhe Song

Though safety alignment has been applied to most large language models (LLMs), LLM service providers generally deploy a subsequent moderation as the external safety guardrail in real-world products. Existing moderators mainly practice a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Yehan Yang , Xueyao Zhang , Juan Cao
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