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We adopt a scenario in which the Galactic thick disk was formed by minor merging between the first generation of the Galactic thin disk (FGTD) and a dwarf galaxy about 9 Gyr ago and thereby investigate chemical and dynamical properties of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Kenji Bekki , Takuji Tsujimoto

We present kinematic measurements of thin and thick disk components in a sample of nine edge-on galaxies. We extract stellar and ionized gas rotation curves at and above the galaxies' midplanes using the Ca II triplet absorption features…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Peter Yoachim , Julianne J. Dalcanton

We investigate the rotation curve of the Milky Way using a multi-component mass model including a stellar disk, a gaseous disk, a bulge/bar component, and a dark-matter halo. The stellar and gas contributions are calibrated using recent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-17 Zi Liu

We quantify the inside-out growth of the Milky Way's low-alpha stellar disk, modelling the ages, metallicities and Galactocentric radii of APOGEE red clump stars with 6 < R < 13 kpc. The current stellar distribution differs significantly…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 Neige Frankel , Jason Sanders , Hans-Walter Rix , Yuan-Sen Ting , Melissa Ness

In the Milky Way, the thick disk can be defined using individual stellar abundances, kinematics, or age; or geometrically, as stars high above the mid-plane. In nearby galaxies, where only a geometric definition can be used, thick disks…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-11-09 Marie Martig , Ivan Minchev , Melissa Ness , Morgan Fouesneau , Hans-Walter Rix

We investigate the three-dimensional asymmetrical kinematics and present time stamps of the Milky Way disk between Galactocentric distances of $R=12$ and 15 \,kpc, using red clump stars selected from the LAMOST Galactic survey, also with…

The second data release from ESA's Gaia mission has revealed many ridge-like structures in the velocity distribution of the Milky Way. We show that these can arise naturally from winding transient spiral structure that is commonly seen in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-26 Jason A. S. Hunt , Jack Hong , Jo Bovy , Daisuke Kawata , Robert J. J. Grand

Only recently, complex models that include the global dynamics from dwarf satellite galaxies, dark matter halo structure, gas infalls, and stellar disk in a cosmological context became available to study the dynamics of disk galaxies such…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-14 B. García-Conde , T. Antoja , S. Roca-Fàbrega , F. Gómez , P. Ramos , N. Garavito-Camargo , MA. Gómez-Flechoso

We perform analysis of the three-dimensional kinematics of Milky Way disk stars in mono-age populations. We focus on stars between Galactocentric distances of $R=6$ and 14 \,kpc, selected from the combined LAMOST DR4 red clump giant stars…

The evolution of the Milky Way disk, which contains most of the stars in the Galaxy, is affected by several phenomena. For example, the bar and the spiral arms of the Milky Way induce radial migration of stars and can trap or scatter stars…

The phase spiral is a perturbation to the vertical phase-space distribution of stars in the Milky Way disk. We study the phase spiral's properties and how they vary with spatial position, in order to constrain its origin and evolution, as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-29 Axel Widmark , Kiyan Tavangar , Josh Kalish , Kathryn V. Johnston , Jason A. S. Hunt

We use $N$-body simulations to investigate the excitation of bending waves in a Milky Way-like disc-bulge-halo system. The dark matter halo consists of a smooth component and a population of subhaloes while the disc is composed of thin and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-15 Matthew H. Chequers , Lawrence M. Widrow , Keir Darling

Modern astrometric and spectroscopic surveys have revealed a wealth of structure in the phase space of stars in the Milky Way, with evidence of resonance features and non-equilibrium processes. Using Gaia's third data release, we present…

Gaia DR3 opens a new era of all-sky spectral analysis of stellar populations thanks to the nearly 5.6 million stars observed by the RVS and parametrised by the GSP-spec module. The all-sky Gaia chemical cartography allows a powerful and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-21 Gaia Collaboration , A. Recio-Blanco , G. Kordopatis , P. de Laverny , P. A. Palicio , A. Spagna , L. Spina , D. Katz , P. Re Fiorentin , E. Poggio , P. J. McMillan , A. Vallenari , M. G. Lattanzi , G. M. Seabroke , L. Casamiquela , A. Bragaglia , T. Antoja , C. A. L. Bailer-Jones , R. Andrae , M. Fouesneau , M. Cropper , T. Cantat-Gaudin , U. Heiter , A. Bijaoui , A. G. A. Brown , T. Prusti , J. H. J. de Bruijne , F. Arenou , C. Babusiaux , M. Biermann , O. L. Creevey , C. Ducourant , D. W. Evans , L. Eyer , R. Guerra , A. Hutton , C. Jordi , S. A. Klioner , U. L. Lammers , L. Lindegren , X. Luri , F. Mignard , C. Panem , D. Pourbaix , S. Randich , P. Sartoretti , C. Soubiran , P. Tanga , N. A. Walton , U. Bastian , R. Drimmel , F. Jansen , F. van Leeuwen , J. Bakker , C. Cacciari , J. Castañeda , F. De Angeli , C. Fabricius , Y. Frémat , L. Galluccio , A. Guerrier , E. Masana , R. Messineo , N. Mowlavi , C. Nicolas , K. Nienartowicz , F. Pailler , P. Panuzzo , F. Riclet , W. Roux , R. Sordo , F. Thévenin , G. Gracia-Abril , J. Portell , D. Teyssier , M. Altmann , M. Audard , I. Bellas-Velidis , K. Benson , J. Berthier , R. Blomme , P. W. Burgess , D. Busonero , G. Busso , H. Cánovas , B. Carry , A. Cellino , N. Cheek , G. Clementini , Y. Damerdji , M. Davidson , P. de Teodoro , M. Nuñez Campos , L. Delchambre , A. Dell'Oro , P. Esquej , J. Fernández-Hernández , E. Fraile , D. Garabato , P. García-Lario , E. Gosset , R. Haigron , J. -L. Halbwachs , N. C. Hambly , D. L. Harrison , J. Hernández , D. Hestroffer , S. T. Hodgkin , B. Holl , K. Janßen , G. Jevardat de Fombelle , S. Jordan , A. Krone-Martins , A. C. Lanzafame , W. Löffler , O. Marchal , P. M. Marrese , A. Moitinho , K. Muinonen , P. Osborne , E. Pancino , T. Pauwels , C. Reylé , M. Riello , L. Rimoldini , T. Roegiers , J. Rybizki , L. M. Sarro , C. Siopis , M. Smith , A. Sozzetti , E. Utrilla , M. van Leeuwen , U. Abbas , P. Ábrahám , A. Abreu Aramburu , C. Aerts , J. J. Aguado , M. Ajaj , F. Aldea-Montero , G. Altavilla , M. A. Álvarez , J. Alves , F. Anders , R. I. Anderson , E. Anglada Varela , D. Baines , S. G. Baker , L. Balaguer-Núñez , E. Balbinot , Z. Balog , C. Barache , D. Barbato , M. Barros , M. A. Barstow , S. Bartolomé , J. -L. Bassilana , N. Bauchet , U. Becciani , M. Bellazzini , A. Berihuete , M. Bernet , S. Bertone , L. Bianchi , A. Binnenfeld , S. Blanco-Cuaresma , T. Boch , A. Bombrun , D. Bossini , S. Bouquillon , L. Bramante , E. Breedt , A. Bressan , N. Brouillet , E. Brugaletta , B. Bucciarelli , A. Burlacu , A. G. Butkevich , R. Buzzi , E. Caffau , R. Cancelliere , R. Carballo , T. Carlucci , M. I. Carnerero , J. M. Carrasco , M. Castellani , A. Castro-Ginard , L. Chaoul , P. Charlot , L. Chemin , V. Chiaramida , A. Chiavassa , N. Chornay , G. Comoretto , G. Contursi , W. J. Cooper , T. Cornez , S. Cowell , F. Crifo , M. Crosta , C. Crowley , C. Dafonte , A. Dapergolas , P. David , F. De Luise , R. De March , J. De Ridder , R. de Souza , A. de Torres , E. F. del Peloso , E. del Pozo , M. Delbo , A. Delgado , J. -B. Delisle , C. Demouchy , T. E. Dharmawardena , P. Di Matteo , S. Diakite , C. Diener , E. Distefano , C. Dolding , B. Edvardsson , H. Enke , C. Fabre , M. Fabrizio , S. Faigler , G. Fedorets , P. Fernique , F. Figueras , Y. Fournier , C. Fouron , F. Fragkoudi , M. Gai , A. Garcia-Gutierrez , M. Garcia-Reinaldos , M. García-Torres , A. Garofalo , A. Gavel , P. Gavras , E. Gerlach , R. Geyer , P. Giacobbe , G. Gilmore , S. Girona , G. Giuffrida , R. Gomel , A. Gomez , J. González-Núñez , I. González-Santamaría , J. J. González-Vidal , M. Granvik , P. Guillout , J. Guiraud , R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez , L. P. Guy , D. Hatzidimitriou , M. Hauser , M. Haywood , A. Helmer , A. Helmi , M. H. Sarmiento , S. L. Hidalgo , N. Hładczuk , D. Hobbs , G. Holland , H. E. Huckle , K. Jardine , G. Jasniewicz , A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo , Ó. Jiménez-Arranz , J. Juaristi Campillo , F. Julbe , L. Karbevska , P. Kervella , S. Khanna , A. J. Korn , Á Kóspál , Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska , K. Kruszyńska , M. Kun , P. Laizeau , S. Lambert , A. F. Lanza , Y. Lasne , J. -F. Le Campion , Y. Lebreton , T. Lebzelter , S. Leccia , N. Leclerc , I. Lecoeur-Taibi , S. Liao , E. L. Licata , H. E. P. Lindstrøm , T. A. Lister , E. Livanou , A. Lobel , A. Lorca , C. Loup , P. Madrero Pardo , A. Magdaleno Romeo , S. Managau , R. G. Mann , M. Manteiga , J. M. Marchant , M. Marconi , J. Marcos , M. M. S. Marcos Santos , D. Marín Pina , S. Marinoni , F. Marocco , D. J. Marshall , L. Martin Polo , J. M. Martín-Fleitas , G. Marton , N. Mary , A. Masip , D. Massari , A. Mastrobuono-Battisti , T. Mazeh , S. Messina , D. Michalik , N. R. Millar , A. Mints , D. Molina , R. Molinaro , L. Molnár , G. Monari , M. Monguió , P. Montegriffo , A. Montero , R. Mor , A. Mora , R. Morbidelli , T. Morel , D. Morris , T. Muraveva , C. P. Murphy , I. Musella , Z. Nagy , L. Noval , F. Ocaña , A. Ogden , C. Ordenovic , J. O. Osinde , C. Pagani , I. Pagano , L. Palaversa , L. Pallas-Quintela , A. Panahi , S. Payne-Wardenaar , X. Peñalosa Esteller , A. Penttilä , B. Pichon , A. M. Piersimoni , F. -X. Pineau , E. Plachy , G. Plum , A. Prša , L. Pulone , E. Racero , S. Ragaini , M. Rainer , C. M. Raiteri , P. Ramos , M. Ramos-Lerate , S. Regibo , P. J. Richards , C. Rios Diaz , V. Ripepi , A. Riva , H. -W. Rix , G. Rixon , N. Robichon , A. C. Robin , C. Robin , M. Roelens , H. R. O. Rogues , L. Rohrbasser , M. Romero-Gómez , N. Rowell , F. Royer , D. Ruz Mieres , K. A. Rybicki , G. Sadowski , A. Sáez Núñez , A. Sagristà Sellés , J. Sahlmann , E. Salguero , N. Samaras , V. Sanchez Gimenez , N. Sanna , R. Santoveña , M. Sarasso , M. Schultheis , E. Sciacca , M. Segol , J. C. Segovia , D. Ségransan , D. Semeux , S. Shahaf , H. I. Siddiqui , A. Siebert , L. Siltala , A. Silvelo , E. Slezak , I. Slezak , R. L. Smart , O. N. Snaith , E. Solano , F. Solitro , D. Souami , J. Souchay , F. Spoto , I. A. Steele , H. Steidelmüller , C. A. Stephenson , M. Süveges , J. Surdej , L. Szabados , E. Szegedi-Elek , F. Taris , M. B. Taylor , R. Teixeira , L. Tolomei , N. Tonello , F. Torra , J. Torra , G. Torralba Elipe , M. Trabucchi , A. T. Tsounis , C. Turon , A. Ulla , N. Unger , M. V. Vaillant , E. van Dillen , W. van Reeven , O. Vanel , A. Vecchiato , Y. Viala , D. Vicente , S. Voutsinas , M. Weiler , T. Wevers , Ł. Wyrzykowski , A. Yoldas , P. Yvard , H. Zhao , J. Zorec , S. Zucker , T. Zwitter

We identify shell structures in the Milky Way for the first time. We find 2 shells in the Virgo Overdensity (VOD) region and 2 shells in the Hercules Aquila Cloud (HAC) region using Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Gaia, and LAMOST data. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-28 Thomas Donlon , Heidi Jo Newberg , Robyn Sanderson , Lawrence M. Widrow

Aims. Using a suite of cosmological chemodynamical disc galaxy simulations, we assess how (a) radial metallicity gradients evolve with scaleheight; (b) the vertical metallicity gradients change through the thick disc; and (c) the vertical…

We investigate the stellar disk structure of six nearby edge-on spiral galaxies using high-resolution JHKs-band images and 3D radiative transfer models. To explore how mass and environment shape spiral disks, we selected galaxies with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Andrew Schechtman-Rook , Matthew A. Bershady

The structure and dynamics of the central bar of the Milky Way are still under debate whilst being fundamental ingredients for the evolution of our Galaxy. The recent Gaia DR3 offers an unprecedented detailed view of the 6D phase-space of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-05 Marcel Bernet , Pau Ramos , Teresa Antoja , Giacomo Monari , Benoit Famaey

We study the vertical perturbations in the galactic disc of the Milky Way-size high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation named GARROTXA. We detect phase spirals in the vertical projection $Z- V_{Z}$ of disc's stellar particles…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-24 Begoña García-Conde , Santi Roca-Fàbrega , Teresa Antoja , Pau Ramos , Octavio Valenzuela

Gaia DR2 has revealed new small-scale and large-scale patterns in the phase-space distribution of stars in the Milky Way. In cylindrical Galactic coordinates $(R,\phi,z)$, ridge-like structures can be seen in the \vphiR{} plane and…