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We present the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) in the context of Markov chains and Markov decision processes with reachability and mean-payoff objectives. CVaR quantifies risk by means of the expectation of the worst p-quantile. As such it…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Jan Křetínský , Tobias Meggendorfer

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for building embodied agents that ground perception and language into action. However, most existing approaches rely on direct action prediction, lacking the ability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runze Li , Hongyin Zhang , Junxi Jin , Qixin Zeng , Zifeng Zhuang , Yiqi Tang , Shangke Lyu , Donglin Wang

Autonomous systems often operate in environments where the behavior of multiple agents is coordinated by a shared global state. Reliable estimation of the global state is thus critical for successfully operating in a multi-agent setting. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Shane Parr , Ishan Khatri , Justin Svegliato , Shlomo Zilberstein

For continuing tasks, average cost Markov decision processes have well-documented value and can be solved using efficient algorithms. However, it explicitly assumes that the agent is risk-neutral. In this work, we extend risk-neutral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Weikai Wang , Erick Delage

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) rely on Vehicular Adhoc Networks with wireless communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure to support safe operation. However, cybersecurity attacks pose a threat to VANETs and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Safras Iqbal , Peter Ball , Muhammad H Kamarudin , Andrew Bradley

The viability of automated driving is heavily dependent on the performance of perception systems to provide real-time accurate and reliable information for robust decision-making and maneuvers. These systems must perform reliably not only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Apostol Vassilev , Munawar Hasan , Edward Griffor , Honglan Jin , Pavel Piliptchak , Mahima Arora , Thoshitha Gamage

Information Retrieval is shifting from passive document ranking toward autonomous agentic workflows that operate in multi-step Reason-Act-Observe loops. In such long-horizon trajectories, minor early errors can cascade, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anushree Sinha , Srivaths Ranganathan , Debanshu Das , Abhishek Dharmaratnakar

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are widely employed to detect and mitigate external network security events. Vehicle ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) continue to evolve, especially with developments related to Connected Autonomous Vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Shakil Ibne Ahsan , Phil Legg , S M Iftekharul Alam

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

Internet of vehicles (IoV) has emerged as a key technology to realize real-time vehicular application. For IoV, vehicles adopt cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) standard to support direct communication among them. C-V2X mode 4 controls…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Jiahou Chu , Qiong Wu , Qiang Fan , Zhengquan Li

The Internet has recently witnessed unprecedented growth of a class of connected assets called the Internet of Things (IoT). Due to relatively immature manufacturing processes and limited computing resources, IoTs have inadequate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Arman Pashamokhtari

Previous work has shown that when multiple selfish Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are introduced to future cities and start learning optimal routing strategies using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), they may destabilize traffic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Anastasia Psarou , Łukasz Gorczyca , Dominik Gaweł , Rafał Kucharski

Connected cars offer safety and efficiency for both individuals and fleets of private vehicles and public transportation companies. However, equipping vehicles with information and communication technologies raises privacy and security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Rabah Rahal , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Nacira Ghoualmi-Zine , Yacine Challal , Mohamed Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

This paper introduces a novel social preference-aware decentralized safe control framework to address the responsibility allocation problem in multi-agent collision avoidance. Considering that agents do not necessarily cooperate in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yiwei Lyu , Wenhao Luo , John M. Dolan

In highly interactive driving scenarios, the actions of one agent greatly influences those of its neighbors. Planning safe motions for autonomous vehicles in such interactive environments, therefore, requires reasoning about the impact of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yuxiao Chen , Sushant Veer , Peter Karkus , Marco Pavone

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an essential component of smart transportation systems, enabling seamless interaction among vehicles and infrastructure. In recent years, it has played a progressively significant role in enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Rakib Hossain Sajib , Md. Rokon Mia , Prodip Kumar Sarker , Abdullah Al Noman , Md Arifur Rahman

Innate values describe agents' intrinsic motivations, which reflect their inherent interests and preferences for pursuing goals and drive them to develop diverse skills that satisfy their various needs. Traditional reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Qin Yang

Mobility is the backbone of urban life and a vital economic factor in the development of the world. Rapid urbanization and the growth of mega-cities is bringing dramatic changes in the capabilities of vehicles. Innovative solutions like…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Furqan Jameel , Zheng Chang , Jun Huang , Tapani Ristaniemi

We consider risk-averse learning in repeated unknown games where the goal of the agents is to minimize their individual risk of incurring significantly high cost. Specifically, the agents use the conditional value at risk (CVaR) as a risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Zifan Wang , Yi Shen , Zachary I. Bell , Scott Nivison , Michael M. Zavlanos , Karl H. Johansson

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in defense, surveillance, and disaster response, yet most systems still operate at SAE Level 2 to 3 autonomy. Their dependence on rule-based control and narrow AI limits adaptability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anis Koubaa , Khaled Gabr