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VILA-U is a Unified foundation model that integrates Video, Image, Language understanding and generation. Traditional visual language models (VLMs) use separate modules for understanding and generating visual content, which can lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yecheng Wu , Zhuoyang Zhang , Junyu Chen , Haotian Tang , Dacheng Li , Yunhao Fang , Ligeng Zhu , Enze Xie , Hongxu Yin , Li Yi , Song Han , Yao Lu

Despite recent progress, medical foundation models still struggle to unify visual understanding and generation, as these tasks have inherently conflicting goals: semantic abstraction versus pixel-level reconstruction. Existing approaches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ruiheng Zhang , Jingfeng Yao , Huangxuan Zhao , Hao Yan , Xiao He , Lei Chen , Zhou Wei , Yong Luo , Zengmao Wang , Lefei Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Bo Du

In recent years, integrating multimodal understanding and generation into a single unified model has emerged as a promising paradigm. While this approach achieves strong results in text-to-image (T2I) generation, it still struggles with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ziyun Zeng , David Junhao Zhang , Wei Li , Mike Zheng Shou

Concept-based explanations for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) aim to explain model behavior and outputs using a pre-defined set of semantic concepts (e.g., the model recognizes scene class ``bedroom'' based on the presence of concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Ruth Fong , Olga Russakovsky

Subject-driven image generation has advanced from single- to multi-subject composition, while neglecting distinction, the ability to distinguish and generate the correct subject when inputs contain multiple candidates. This limitation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuran Wang , Bohan Zeng , Chengzhuo Tong , Wenxuan Liu , Yang Shi , Xiaochen Ma , Hao Liang , Yuanxing Zhang , Wentao Zhang

Recent unified models for joint understanding and generation have significantly advanced visual generation capabilities. However, their focus on conventional tasks like text-to-video generation has left the temporal reasoning potential of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xinjie Li , Zhimin Chen , Rui Zhao , Florian Schiffers , Zhenyu Liao , Vimal Bhat

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in 2D scene understanding and generation, but extending this unification to the physical world remains an open challenge. Existing 3D and 4D approaches typically embed scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hanyu Zhou , Gim Hee Lee

With the powerful reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), many recent works have explored using them for decision-making. However, most of these approaches rely solely on language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihao Sun , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Pierre-Luc Bacon

The rapid evolution of multimodal foundation model has demonstrated significant progresses in vision-language understanding and generation, e.g., our previous work SEED-LLaMA. However, there remains a gap between its capability and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuying Ge , Sijie Zhao , Jinguo Zhu , Yixiao Ge , Kun Yi , Lin Song , Chen Li , Xiaohan Ding , Ying Shan

The emergence of unified multimodal understanding and generation models is rapidly attracting attention because of their ability to enhance instruction-following capabilities while minimizing model redundancy. However, there is a lack of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yi Li , Haonan Wang , Qixiang Zhang , Boyu Xiao , Chenchang Hu , Hualiang Wang , Xiaomeng Li

Training-free guided generation is a widely used and powerful technique that allows the end user to exert further control over the generative process of flow/diffusion models. Generally speaking, two families of techniques have emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zander W. Blasingame , Chen Liu

We develop an approach for text-to-image generation that embraces additional retrieval images, driven by a combination of implicit visual guidance loss and generative objectives. Unlike most existing text-to-image generation methods which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , John Collomosse

Recent visual generation models have made major progress in photorealism, typography, instruction following, and interactive editing, yet they still struggle with spatial reasoning, persistent state, long-horizon consistency, and causal…

Unifying image understanding and generation has gained growing attention in recent research on multimodal models. Although design choices for image understanding have been extensively studied, the optimal model architecture and training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Jiuhai Chen , Zhiyang Xu , Xichen Pan , Yushi Hu , Can Qin , Tom Goldstein , Lifu Huang , Tianyi Zhou , Saining Xie , Silvio Savarese , Le Xue , Caiming Xiong , Ran Xu

Unified generation models aim to handle diverse tasks across modalities -- such as text generation, image generation, and vision-language reasoning -- within a single architecture and decoding paradigm. Autoregressive unified models suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qingyu Shi , Jinbin Bai , Zhuoran Zhao , Wenhao Chai , Kaidong Yu , Jianzong Wu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Xuelong Li , Shuicheng Yan

Humans are excellent at understanding language and vision to accomplish a wide range of tasks. In contrast, creating general instruction-following embodied agents remains a difficult challenge. Prior work that uses pure language-only models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hao Liu , Lisa Lee , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel

Generative modeling has recently shown great promise in computer vision, but it has mostly focused on synthesizing visually realistic images. In this paper, motivated by multi-task learning of shareable feature representations, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Zhipeng Bao , Martial Hebert , Yu-Xiong Wang

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) have shown impressive performance in both understanding and generation with a single architecture. However, UMMs still exhibit a fundamental inconsistency: understanding favors compact embeddings, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhaolong Su , Wang Lu , Hao Chen , Sharon Li , Jindong Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are making significant progress in multimodal reasoning. Early approaches focus on pure text-based reasoning. More recent studies have incorporated multimodal information into the reasoning steps;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongjie Cheng , Yongqi Li , Zhixin Ma , Hongru Cai , Yupeng Hu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Text-to-image generation has advanced rapidly with diffusion models, progressing from CLIP and T5 conditioning to unified systems where a single LLM backbone handles both visual understanding and generation. Despite the architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sucheng Ren , Chen Chen , Zhenbang Wang , Liangchen Song , Xiangxin Zhu , Alan Yuille , Liang-Chieh Chen , Jiasen Lu