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We introduce NitroGen, a vision-action foundation model for generalist gaming agents that is trained on 40,000 hours of gameplay videos across more than 1,000 games. We incorporate three key ingredients: 1) an internet-scale video-action…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Loïc Magne , Anas Awadalla , Guanzhi Wang , Yinzhen Xu , Joshua Belofsky , Fengyuan Hu , Joohwan Kim , Ludwig Schmidt , Georgia Gkioxari , Jan Kautz , Yisong Yue , Yejin Choi , Yuke Zhu , Linxi "Jim" Fan

Multi-agent systems coordinate LLM-based agents to perform tasks on users' behalf. In real-world applications, multi-agent systems will inevitably interact with untrusted inputs, such as malicious Web content, files, email attachments, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Harold Triedman , Rishi Jha , Vitaly Shmatikov

As AI systems move from generating text to accomplishing goals through sustained interaction, the ability to model environment dynamics becomes a central bottleneck. Agents that manipulate objects, navigate software, coordinate with others,…

Model-based reinforcement learning agents utilizing transformers have shown improved sample efficiency due to their ability to model extended context, resulting in more accurate world models. However, for complex reasoning and planning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pranav Agarwal , Sheldon Andrews , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

The Agentic Paradigm faces a significant Software Engineering Absence, yielding Agentic systems commonly lacking robustness, observability, and evolvability. To address these deficiencies, we propose a principled engineering framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiazheng Sun , Ruimeng Yang , Xu Han , Jiayang Niu , Mingxuan Li , Te Yang , Yongyong Lu , Xin Peng

The domain of text-based adventure games has been recently established as a new challenge of creating the agent that is both able to understand natural language, and acts intelligently in text-described environments. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Bartosz Kostka , Jaroslaw Kwiecien , Jakub Kowalski , Pawel Rychlikowski

The ability to learn optimal control policies in systems where action space is defined by sentences in natural language would allow many interesting real-world applications such as automatic optimisation of dialogue systems. Text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Mikuláš Zelinka

We propose an agent architecture that automates parts of the common reinforcement learning experiment workflow, to enable automated mastery of control domains for embodied agents. To do so, it leverages a VLM to perform some of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jingwei Zhang , Thomas Lampe , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Martin Riedmiller

Text-based games (TGs) are language-based interactive environments for reinforcement learning. While language models (LMs) and knowledge graphs (KGs) are commonly used for handling large action space in TGs, it is unclear whether these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Dongwon Kelvin Ryu , Meng Fang , Shirui Pan , Gholamreza Haffari , Ehsan Shareghi

Security policy enforcement in contemporary agentic systems predominantly consists of embedding natural-language policies within an agent's system prompt and delegating compliance to the agent's reasoning. This approach admits no formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nils Palumbo , Sarthak Choudhary , Jihye Choi , Guy Amir , Prasad Chalasani , Somesh Jha

Matching tile games are an extremely popular game genre. Arguably the most popular iteration, Match-3 games, are simple to understand puzzle games, making them great benchmarks for research. In this paper, we propose developing different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Luvneesh Mugrai , Fernando de Mesentier Silva , Christoffer Holmgård , Julian Togelius

The deployment of decision-making AI agents presents a critical challenge in maintaining alignment with human values or guidelines while operating in complex, dynamic environments. Agents trained solely to achieve their objectives may adopt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dena Mujtaba , Brian Hu , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as coding agents promises to accelerate software development, but their impact on generated code reproducibility remains largely unexplored. This paper presents an empirical study investigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bhanu Prakash Vangala , Ali Adibifar , Ashish Gehani , Tanu Malik

We present TextAtari, a benchmark for evaluating language agents on very long-horizon decision-making tasks spanning up to 100,000 steps. By translating the visual state representations of classic Atari games into rich textual descriptions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhao Li , Wenwu Li , Chuyun Shen , Junjie Sheng , Zixiao Huang , Di Wu , Yun Hua , Wei Yin , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha , Bo Jin

Robotic systems lack a principled abstraction for organizing intelligence, capabilities, and execution in a unified manner. Existing approaches either couple skills within monolithic architectures or decompose functionality into loosely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

Among existing online mobile-use benchmarks, AndroidWorld has emerged as the dominant benchmark due to its reproducible environment and deterministic evaluation; however, recent agents achieving over 90% success rates indicate its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Zhenyu Yang , Nolan Gao , Chen Liu , Panrong Tong , Chenglin Cai , Hanzhang Zhou , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Zhidan Liu , Steven Hoi , Yue Wang

Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to mathematically formalize these abilities using a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Nick Haber , Damian Mrowca , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel L. K. Yamins

Action-conditioned video models offer a promising path to building general-purpose robot simulators that can improve directly from data. Yet, despite training on large-scale robot datasets, current state-of-the-art video models still…

As AI technology advances, research in playing text-based games with agents has becomeprogressively popular. In this paper, a novel approach to agent design and agent learning ispresented with the context of reinforcement learning. A model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haonan Wang , Mingjia Zhao , Junfeng Sun , Wei Liu

Many advancements have been made in procedural content generation for games, and with mixed-initiative co-creativity, have the potential for great benefits to human designers. However, co-creative systems for game generation are typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Rohan Agarwal , Zhiyu Lin , Mark Riedl