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Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) often requires costly human annotations. To address this, LLM-based judges have been proposed, which compare the outputs of two LLMs enabling the ranking of models without human intervention. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 David Salinas , Omar Swelam , Frank Hutter

Preference-based alignment is pivotal for training large reasoning models; however, standard methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) typically treat all preference pairs uniformly, overlooking the evolving utility of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hui Wu , Hengyi Cai , Jinman Zhao , Xinran Chen , Ziheng Li , Zhejun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yuchen Li , Dawei Yin

Many modern datasets consist of multiple related matrices measured on a common set of units, where the goal is to recover the shared low-dimensional subspace. While the Angle-based Joint and Individual Variation Explained (AJIVE) framework…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Jingyang Li , Zhongyuan Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied as automatic evaluators for natural language generation assessment often using pairwise comparative judgements. Existing approaches typically rely on single judges or aggregate multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mengjie Qian , Guangzhi Sun , Mark J. F. Gales , Kate M. Knill

Owing to the advancement of deep learning, artificial systems are now rival to humans in several pattern recognition tasks, such as visual recognition of object categories. However, this is only the case with the tasks for which correct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Xing Liu , Takayuki Okatani

Reward modeling is essential for aligning large language models with human preferences, yet predominant architectures rely on a static pooling strategy to condense sequences into scalar scores. This paradigm, however, suffers from two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yongliang Miao , Yangyang Liang , Mengnan Du

We study low-rank matrix regression in settings where matrix-valued predictors and scalar responses are observed across multiple individuals. Rather than assuming a fully homogeneous coefficient matrices across individuals, we accommodate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-28 Di Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Guodong Li , Wenyang Zhang

Multi-objective preference alignment in language models often encounters a challenging trade-off: optimizing for one human preference (e.g., helpfulness) frequently compromises others (e.g., harmlessness) due to the inherent conflicts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhihao Xu , Yongqi Tong , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou , Xiting Wang

LLM-judged benchmarks are increasingly used to evaluate complex model behaviors, yet their design introduces failure modes absent in conventional ground-truth based benchmarks. We argue that without tight objectives and verifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Benjamin Feuer , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Astitwa Sarthak Lathe , Oussama Elachqar , John P Dickerson

Rankings are central to decision-making in fields ranging from education to online platforms, yet classical deterministic methods such as the Borda count method or Copeland-type pairwise methods ignore uncertainty due to sampling noise or…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Shunpu Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been increasingly used as automatic evaluators-a paradigm known as MLLM-as-a-Judge. However, their reliability and vulnerabilities to biases remain underexplored. We find that many MLLM judges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sua Lee , Sanghee Park , Jinbae Im

Offline evaluation of search systems depends on test collections. These benchmarks provide the researchers with a corpus of documents, topics and relevance judgements indicating which documents are relevant for each topic. While test…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-23 David Otero , Javier Parapar , Álvaro Barreiro

Human evaluation remains the primary standard for assessing modern AI systems, yet annotator disagreement, bias, and variability make system rankings fragile under standard majority vote aggregation. Majority vote discards annotator…

Meta-learning aims to learn a model that can handle multiple tasks generated from an unknown but shared distribution. However, typical meta-learning algorithms have assumed the tasks to be similar such that a single meta-learner is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Kyeongryeol Go , Seyoung Yun

This paper primarily demonstrates a method to quantitatively assess the alignment between multi-step, structured reasoning in large language models and human preferences. We introduce the Alignment Score, a semantic-level metric that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boxuan Wang , Zhuoyun Li , Xinmiao Huang , Xiaowei Huang , Yi Dong

Text-guided image retrieval is to incorporate conditional text to better capture users' intent. Traditionally, the existing methods focus on minimizing the embedding distances between the source inputs and the targeted image, using the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Junyang Chen , Hanjiang Lai

A common form of competition is one where judges grade contestants' performances which are then compiled to determine the final ranking of the contestants. Unlike in another common form of competition where two contestants play a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-08-09 Gyuhyeon Jeon , Juyong Park

We propose a dedicated multimodal Judge Model designed to provide reliable, explainable evaluation across a diverse suite of tasks. Our benchmark spans text, audio, image, and video modalities, drawing from carefully sampled public datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Min-Han Shih , Yu-Hsin Wu , Yu-Wei Chen

Existing approaches for aligning large language models with human preferences face a trade-off that requires a separate reward model (RM) for on-policy learning. In this paper, we present a novel alignment framework, SELF-JUDGE that (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sangkyu Lee , Sungdong Kim , Ashkan Yousefpour , Minjoon Seo , Kang Min Yoo , Youngjae Yu

Deceptive reviews, refer to fabricated feedback designed to artificially manipulate the perceived quality of products. Within modern e-commerce ecosystems, these reviews remain a critical governance challenge. Despite advances in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nan Lu , Leyang Li , Yurong Hu , Rui Lin , Shaoyi Xu