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Compositional generalization is a basic and essential intellective capability of human beings, which allows us to recombine known parts readily. However, existing neural network based models have been proven to be extremely deficient in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Qian Liu , Shengnan An , Jian-Guang Lou , Bei Chen , Zeqi Lin , Yan Gao , Bin Zhou , Nanning Zheng , Dongmei Zhang

Compositional generalization is the ability to generalize systematically to a new data distribution by combining known components. Although humans seem to have a great ability to generalize compositionally, state-of-the-art neural models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Juyong Kim , Pradeep Ravikumar , Joshua Ainslie , Santiago Ontañón

According to the principle of compositional generalization, the meaning of a complex expression can be understood as a function of the meaning of its parts and of how they are combined. This principle is crucial for human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sungjun Han , Sebastian Padó

Compositional generalization is a critical ability in learning and decision-making. We focus on the setting of reinforcement learning in object-oriented environments to study compositional generalization in world modeling. We (1) formalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Linfeng Zhao , Lingzhi Kong , Robin Walters , Lawson L. S. Wong

Leveraging the compositional nature of our world to expedite learning and facilitate generalization is a hallmark of human perception. In machine learning, on the other hand, achieving compositional generalization has proven to be an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Thaddäus Wiedemer , Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Compositional generalization-a key open challenge in modern machine learning-requires models to predict unknown combinations of known concepts. However, assessing compositional generalization remains a fundamental challenge due to the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Giacomo Camposampiero , Pietro Barbiero , Michael Hersche , Roger Wattenhofer , Abbas Rahimi

A generally intelligent learner should generalize to more complex tasks than it has previously encountered, but the two common paradigms in machine learning -- either training a separate learner per task or training a single learner for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Michael B. Chang , Abhishek Gupta , Sergey Levine , Thomas L. Griffiths

Compositional reinforcement learning is a promising approach for training policies to perform complex long-horizon tasks. Typically, a high-level task is decomposed into a sequence of subtasks and a separate policy is trained to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Kishor Jothimurugan , Steve Hsu , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

Compositional generalization, the ability of an agent to generalize to unseen combinations of latent factors, is easy for humans but hard for deep neural networks. A line of research in cognitive science has hypothesized a process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yi Ren , Samuel Lavoie , Mikhail Galkin , Danica J. Sutherland , Aaron Courville

While reinforcement learning (RL) successfully enhances reasoning in large language models, its role in fostering compositional generalization (the ability to synthesize novel skills from known components) is often conflated with mere…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Simon Park , Simran Kaur , Sanjeev Arora

A key feature of human intelligence is the ability to generalize beyond the training distribution, for instance, parsing longer sentences than seen in the past. Currently, deep neural networks struggle to generalize robustly to such shifts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Soham Dan , Osbert Bastani , Dan Roth

Many tasks in control, robotics, and planning can be specified using desired goal configurations for various entities in the environment. Learning goal-conditioned policies is a natural paradigm to solve such tasks. However, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Allan Zhou , Vikash Kumar , Chelsea Finn , Aravind Rajeswaran

We study how to learn a policy with compositional generalizability. We propose a two-stage framework, which refactorizes a high-reward teacher policy into a generalizable student policy with strong inductive bias. Particularly, we implement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Tongzhou Mu , Jiayuan Gu , Zhiwei Jia , Hao Tang , Hao Su

Compositional generalization, the ability to generate novel combinations of known concepts, is a key ingredient for visual generative models. Yet, not all mechanisms that enable or inhibit it are fully understood. In this work, we conduct a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Karim Farid , Rajat Sahay , Yumna Ali Alnaggar , Simon Schrodi , Volker Fischer , Cordelia Schmid , Thomas Brox

We study the problem of learning control policies for complex tasks given by logical specifications. Recent approaches automatically generate a reward function from a given specification and use a suitable reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Kishor Jothimurugan , Suguman Bansal , Osbert Bastani , Rajeev Alur

In this study, we address the challenge of learning generalizable policies for compositional tasks defined by logical specifications. These tasks consist of multiple temporally extended sub-tasks. Due to the sub-task inter-dependencies and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

Compositional understanding is crucial for human intelligence, yet it remains unclear whether contemporary vision models exhibit it. The dominant machine learning paradigm is built on the premise that scaling data and model sizes will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Arnas Uselis , Andrea Dittadi , Seong Joon Oh

The emergence of compositional reasoning in large language models through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been a key driver of recent empirical successes. Despite this progress, it remains unclear which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Daniel Barzilai , Yotam Wolf , Ronen Basri

Systematic generalization refers to the capacity to understand and generate novel combinations from known components. Despite recent progress by large language models (LLMs) across various domains, these models often fail to extend their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Philipp Mondorf , Shijia Zhou , Monica Riedler , Barbara Plank

Compositional generalization refers to a model's capability to generalize to newly composed input data based on the data components observed during training. It has triggered a series of compositional generalization analysis on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yunshi Lan , Lei Wang , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim
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