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Compositional generalization is the capacity to recognize and imagine a large amount of novel combinations from known components. It is a key in human intelligence, but current neural networks generally lack such ability. This report…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yuanpeng Li

Compositional generalization (the ability to respond correctly to novel combinations of familiar components) is thought to be a cornerstone of intelligent behavior. Compositionally structured (e.g. disentangled) representations support this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Samuel Lippl , Kim Stachenfeld

Neural network models often generalize poorly to mismatched domains or distributions. In NLP, this issue arises in particular when models are expected to generalize compositionally, that is, to novel combinations of familiar words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Wang Zhu , Peter Shaw , Tal Linzen , Fei Sha

Flexible neural sequence models outperform grammar- and automaton-based counterparts on a variety of tasks. However, neural models perform poorly in settings requiring compositional generalization beyond the training data -- particularly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Ekin Akyürek , Afra Feyza Akyürek , Jacob Andreas

Natural language is compositional; the meaning of a sentence is a function of the meaning of its parts. This property allows humans to create and interpret novel sentences, generalizing robustly outside their prior experience. Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Henry Conklin , Bailin Wang , Kenny Smith , Ivan Titov

People can learn a new concept and use it compositionally, understanding how to "blicket twice" after learning how to "blicket." In contrast, powerful sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) neural networks fail such tests of compositionality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Brenden M. Lake

Compositional generalization -- the ability to understand and generate novel combinations of learned concepts -- enables models to extend their capabilities beyond limited experiences. While effective, the data structures and principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lingjing Kong , Shaoan Xie , Yang Jiao , Yetian Chen , Yanhui Guo , Simone Shao , Yan Gao , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

When writing programs, people have the ability to tackle a new complex task by decomposing it into smaller and more familiar subtasks. While it is difficult to measure whether neural program synthesis methods have similar capabilities, what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Joey Hong , Manzil Zaheer , Pengcheng Yin , Charles Sutton

Compositional generalization is a fundamental trait in humans, allowing us to effortlessly combine known phrases to form novel sentences. Recent works have claimed that standard seq-to-seq models severely lack the ability to compositionally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Arkil Patel , Satwik Bhattamishra , Phil Blunsom , Navin Goyal

Reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning policies that can solve complex problems. However, manually specifying a good reward function can be difficult, especially for intricate tasks. Inverse reinforcement learning offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Peter Henderson , Wei-Di Chang , Pierre-Luc Bacon , David Meger , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

Systematic compositionality is the ability to recombine meaningful units with regular and predictable outcomes, and it's seen as key to humans' capacity for generalization in language. Recent work has studied systematic compositionality in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 João Loula , Marco Baroni , Brenden M. Lake

Compositional generalization is the capability of a model to understand novel compositions composed of seen concepts. There are multiple levels of novel compositions including phrase-phrase level, phrase-word level, and word-word level.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Chuanhao Li , Zhen Li , Chenchen Jing , Xiaomeng Fan , Wenbo Ye , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia

Measurement and estimation of parameters are essential for science and engineering, where one of the main quests is to find systematic schemes that can achieve high precision. While conventional schemes for quantum parameter estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Han Xu , Junning Li , Liqiang Liu , Yu Wang , Haidong Yuan , Xin Wang

The central challenge of reinforcement learning for reasoning lies not only in the sparsity of outcome-level supervision, but more fundamentally in how to transform feedback provided only at the end of a sequence into fine-grained learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fei Ding , Yongkang Zhang , Runhao Liu , Yuhao Liao , Zijian Zeng , Sibo wang , Huiming Yang

Neural networks are very powerful learning systems, but they do not readily generalize from one task to the other. This is partly due to the fact that they do not learn in a compositional way, that is, by discovering skills that are shared…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Adam Liška , Germán Kruszewski , Marco Baroni

Combining learned policies in a prioritized, ordered manner is desirable because it allows for modular design and facilitates data reuse through knowledge transfer. In control theory, prioritized composition is realized by null-space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Finn Rietz , Erik Schaffernicht , Todor Stoyanov , Johannes A. Stork

Compositional generalization is essential for reaching unseen goals under novel contextual variations in offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL), where a generalist goal-reaching agent must be learned from limited data. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junseok Kim , Dohyeong Kim , Mineui Hong , Songhwai Oh

In reinforcement learning, conducting task composition by forming cohesive, executable sequences from multiple tasks remains challenging. However, the ability to (de)compose tasks is a linchpin in developing robotic systems capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Georgios Bakirtzis , Michail Savvas , Ruihan Zhao , Sandeep Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Generalization of models to out-of-distribution (OOD) data has captured tremendous attention recently. Specifically, compositional generalization, i.e., whether a model generalizes to new structures built of components observed during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Inbar Oren , Jonathan Herzig , Nitish Gupta , Matt Gardner , Jonathan Berant

Deep learning models struggle with compositional generalization, i.e. the ability to recognize or generate novel combinations of observed elementary concepts. In hopes of enabling compositional generalization, various unsupervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Zhenlin Xu , Marc Niethammer , Colin Raffel