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Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the mathematical formalism for phrasing and solving a class of optimization problems that are combinatorial in nature. Due to their natural equivalence with the two dimensional Ising…

Quantum annealing is a powerful tool for solving and approximating combinatorial optimization problems such as graph partitioning, community detection, centrality, routing problems, and more. In this paper we explore the use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Joel E. Pion , Susan M. Mniszewski

Current quantum annealing experiments often suffer from restrictions in connectivity in the sense that only certain qubits can be coupled to each other. The most common strategy to overcome connectivity restrictions so far is by combining…

Modular quantum computing architectures are a promising alternative to monolithic QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) designs for scaling up quantum devices. They refer to a set of interconnected QPUs or cores consisting of tightly coupled…

In this paper, we develop a way to encode several NP-Complete problems in Abstract Argumentation to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. In this form, a solution for a QUBO problem involves minimizing a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Marco Baioletti , Francesco Santini

Graph partitioning is one of an important set of well-known compute-intense (NP-hard) graph problems that devolve to discrete constrained optimization. We sampled solutions to the problem via two different quantum-ready methods to…

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

We report on a case study in programming an early quantum annealer to attack optimization problems related to operational planning. While a number of studies have looked at the performance of quantum annealers on problems native to their…

Combinatorial optimization problems, integral to various scientific and industrial applications, often vary significantly in their complexity and computational difficulty. Transforming such problems into Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Thore Gerlach , Sascha Mücke

One of the main bottlenecks in solving combinatorial optimization problems with quantum annealers is the qubit connectivity in the hardware. A possible solution for larger connectivty is minor embedding. This techniques makes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Michele Cattelan , Jemma Bennett , Sheir Yarkoni , Wolfgang Lechner

We extend the family of problems that may be implemented on an adiabatic quantum optimizer (AQO). When a quadratic optimization problem has at least one set of discrete controls and the constraints are linear, we call this a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Rishabh Chandra , N. Tobias Jacobson , Jonathan E. Moussa , Steven H. Frankel , Sabre Kais

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) requires considered optimization problems to be translated into a compatible format. A popular transformation step in this pipeline involves the quadratization of higher-order binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Many artificial intelligence (AI) problems naturally map to NP-hard optimization problems. This has the interesting consequence that enabling human-level capability in machines often requires systems that can handle formally intractable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Hartmut Neven , Geordie Rose , William G. Macready

Quantum annealing is a quantum algorithm for computing solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. This study proposes a method for minor embedding optimization problems onto sparse quantum annealing hardware graphs called 4-clique…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Elijah Pelofske

To run an algorithm on a quantum computer, one must choose an assignment from logical qubits in a circuit to physical qubits on quantum hardware. This task of initial qubit placement, or qubit allocation, is especially important on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 Bryan Dury , Olivia Di Matteo

Quantum approximate optimization is one of the promising candidates for useful quantum computation, particularly in the context of finding approximate solutions to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. However, the…

Hypergraph partitioning is a fundamental optimization problem with applications in data management and other domains involving higher-order relations. In this paper, we study balanced hypergraph partitioning from the perspective of quantum…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yiran Li , Y. Batuhan Yilmaz , Michael Silver , Zachary Vernec , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

The task of factoring integers poses a significant challenge in modern cryptography, and quantum computing holds the potential to efficiently address this problem compared to classical algorithms. Thus, it is crucial to develop quantum…

In this paper we present a novel strategy to solve optimization problems within a hybrid quantum-classical scheme based on quantum annealing, with a particular focus on QUBO problems. The proposed algorithm is based on an iterative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-07 Enrico Blanzieri , Davide Pastorello

The broad applicability of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) constitutes a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and are a required format for gate array and quantum annealing computers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis