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The widespread use of Vision Language Models (VLMs, e.g. CLIP) has raised concerns about their vulnerability to sophisticated and imperceptible adversarial attacks. These attacks could compromise model performance and system security in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaowei Fu , Lei Zhang

Are foundation models secure against malicious actors? In this work, we focus on the image input to a vision-language model (VLM). We discover image hijacks, adversarial images that control the behaviour of VLMs at inference time, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Luke Bailey , Euan Ong , Stuart Russell , Scott Emmons

The rapid progress in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) is significantly driving AI development forward. However, there is still a limited understanding of their trustworthiness. Deploying these models at scale without sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Lingbo Mo , Boshi Wang , Muhao Chen , Huan Sun

Vision-language models (VLMs) (e.g. CLIP, LLaVA) are trained on large-scale, lightly curated web datasets, leading them to learn unintended correlations between semantic concepts and unrelated visual signals. These associations degrade…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Maan Qraitem , Piotr Teterwak , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

As Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in agent-integrated workflows and other deployment-relevant settings, their robustness against semantic visual attacks remains under-evaluated -- alignment is typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Youting Wang , Yuan Tang , Yitian Qian , Chen Zhao

Due to their multimodal capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have found numerous impactful applications in real-world scenarios. However, recent studies have revealed that VLMs are vulnerable to image-based adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiaming Zhang , Junhong Ye , Xingjun Ma , Yige Li , Yunfan Yang , Yunhao Chen , Jitao Sang , Dit-Yan Yeung

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has sparked widespread and general interest due to their strong language generation capabilities, offering great potential for both industry and research. While previous research delved into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Minh Hieu Le , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

This study investigates the ability of multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and interpret misleading visualizations, and recognize these observations along with their underlying causes and potential intentionality. Our…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Graziano Blasilli , Marco Angelini

We systematically evaluate the quality of widely used adversarial safety datasets from two perspectives: in isolation and in practice. In isolation, we examine how well these datasets reflect real-world adversarial attacks based on three…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Shahriar Golchin , Marc Wetter

Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

Recent studies on AI security have highlighted the vulnerability of Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models to subtle yet intentionally designed perturbations in images and texts. Investigating multimodal systems' robustness via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Haonan Zheng , Wen Jiang , Xinyang Deng , Wenrui Li

The emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) represents a significant advancement in integrating computer vision with Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate detailed text descriptions from visual inputs. Despite their growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Weimin Lyu , Jiachen Yao , Saumya Gupta , Lu Pang , Tao Sun , Lingjie Yi , Lijie Hu , Haibin Ling , Chao Chen

3D Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as PointLLM and GPT4Point, have shown strong reasoning and generalization abilities in 3D understanding tasks. However, their adversarial robustness remains largely unexplored. Prior work in 2D VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chao Liu , Ngai-Man Cheung

With the advent of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), new attack vectors, such as cognitive bias, prompt injection, and jailbreaking, have emerged. Understanding these attacks promotes system robustness improvement and neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chiyu Zhang , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

Warning: This paper contains examples of harmful language, and reader discretion is recommended. The increasing open release of powerful large language models (LLMs) has facilitated the development of downstream applications by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Xianjun Yang , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhang , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous driving (AD) by enhancing reasoning capabilities. However, these models remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing research has primarily focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tianyuan Zhang , Lu Wang , Xinwei Zhang , Yitong Zhang , Boyi Jia , Siyuan Liang , Shengshan Hu , Qiang Fu , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu