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Vision-language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in visual understanding and query response generation, but often face challenges of high computational cost and inference latency due to autoregressive decoding. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting enables reasoning in language models but requires explicit verbalization of intermediate steps. Looped transformers offer an alternative by iteratively refining representations within hidden states. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Markus Frey , Behzad Shomali , Ali Hamza Bashir , David Berghaus , Joachim Koehler , Mehdi Ali

This work introduces a new Transformer model called Cached Transformer, which uses Gated Recurrent Cached (GRC) attention to extend the self-attention mechanism with a differentiable memory cache of tokens. GRC attention enables attending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Zhaoyang Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Yixiao Ge , Xiaogang Wang , Jinwei Gu , Ping Luo

We present an acceleration method for sequences of large-scale linear systems, such as the ones arising from the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations coupled with algebraic constraints. We discuss different…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Margherita Guido , Daniel Kressner , Paolo Ricci

To tackle the high inference latency exhibited by autoregressive language models, previous studies have proposed an early-exiting framework that allocates adaptive computation paths for each token based on the complexity of generating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Sangmin Bae , Jongwoo Ko , Hwanjun Song , Se-Young Yun

Transformers lack an explicit architectural mechanism for storing and organizing knowledge acquired during training. We introduce learnable sparse memory banks: a set of latent tokens, randomly initialized and trained end-to-end, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tasmay Pankaj Tibrewal , Pritish Saha , Ankit Meda , Kunal Singh , Pradeep Moturi

The transducer architecture is becoming increasingly popular in the field of speech recognition, because it is naturally streaming as well as high in accuracy. One of the drawbacks of transducer is that it is difficult to decode in a fast…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Wei Kang , Liyong Guo , Fangjun Kuang , Long Lin , Mingshuang Luo , Zengwei Yao , Xiaoyu Yang , Piotr Żelasko , Daniel Povey

Transformer encoders contextualize token representations by attending to all other tokens at each layer, leading to quadratic increase in compute effort with the input length. In practice, however, the input text of many NLP tasks can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Jeremiah Milbauer , Annie Louis , Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Alex Fabrikant , Donald Metzler , Tal Schuster

We propose an acceleration scheme for large language models (LLMs) through Speculative Decoding with Semantic Adaptive Tokens (SDSAT). The primary objective of this design is to enhance the LLM model's ability to generate draft tokens more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chengbo Liu , Yong Zhu

Transformers have emerged as the underpinning architecture for Large Language Models (LLMs). In generative language models, the inference process involves two primary phases: prompt processing and token generation. Token generation, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Muhammad Adnan , Akhil Arunkumar , Gaurav Jain , Prashant J. Nair , Ilya Soloveychik , Purushotham Kamath

Token-level adaptive computation seeks to reduce inference cost by allocating more computation to harder tokens and less to easier ones. However, prior work is primarily evaluated on natural-language benchmarks using task-level metrics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Suhas Lohit , Ye Wang , Moitreya Chatterjee , Wenpeng Yin

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

Radar sensors offer power-efficient solutions for always-on smart devices, but processing the data streams on resource-constrained embedded platforms remains challenging. This paper presents novel techniques that leverage the temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Max Sponner , Julius Ott , Lorenzo Servadei , Bernd Waschneck , Robert Wille , Akash Kumar

Speculative decoding has emerged as a pivotal technique to accelerate LLM inference by employing a lightweight draft model to generate candidate tokens that are subsequently verified by the target model in parallel. However, while this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuetao Chen , Xuliang Wang , Xinzhou Zheng , Ming Li , Peng Wang , Hong Xu

We propose a soft gradient boosting framework for sequential regression that embeds a learnable linear feature transform within the boosting procedure. At each boosting iteration, we train a soft decision tree and learn a linear input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Huseyin Karaca , Suleyman Serdar Kozat

Applying the Transformer architecture on the character level usually requires very deep architectures that are difficult and slow to train. These problems can be partially overcome by incorporating a segmentation into tokens in the model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

We leverage embedding duplication between aligned sub-words to extend the Parent-Child transfer learning method, so as to improve low-resource machine translation. We conduct experiments on benchmark datasets of My-En, Id-En and Tr-En…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Minhan Xu , Yu Hong

Transformer-based Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance on tasks such as image captioning, object recognition, and visual reasoning, but their high computational cost hinders deployment in latency-sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lianming Huang , Haibo Hu , Qiao Li , Xin He , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel

The computational complexity of the self-attention mechanism in popular transformer architectures poses significant challenges for training and inference, and becomes the bottleneck for long inputs. Is it possible to significantly reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yingyu Liang , Zhizhou Sha , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou
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