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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to generating harmful content or being exploited for malicious purposes. Although safety alignment datasets have been introduced to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiaorui Wu , Xiaofeng Mao , Fei Li , Xin Zhang , Xuanhong Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji , Zhuang Li

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a standard route to compress Large Language Models (LLMs) into compact students, yet most pipelines uniformly apply token-wise loss regardless of teacher confidence. This indiscriminate supervision amplifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haiduo Huang , Jiangcheng Song , Yadong Zhang , Pengju Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning capabilities, often achieving state-of-the-art performance in various tasks. However, their substantial computational and memory demands, due to billions of parameters, hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Knowledge distillation is of key importance to launching multilingual pre-trained language models for real applications. To support cost-effective language inference in multilingual settings, we propose AMTSS, an adaptive multi-teacher…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Qianglong Chen , Feng Ji , Feng-Lin Li , Guohai Xu , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Yin Zhang

Software security vulnerabilities allow attackers to perform malicious activities to disrupt software operations. Recent Transformer-based language models have significantly advanced vulnerability detection, surpassing the capabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Haoye Tian , He Ye , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues

Disclaimer: Samples in this paper may be harmful and cause discomfort. Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable multimodal generation but inherit toxic, biased, and NSFW signals from weakly curated pretraining corpora, causing safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hongbo Wang , MaungMaung AprilPyone , Isao Echizen

Recent studies reveal that integrating new modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Vision-Language Models (VLMs), creates a new attack surface that bypasses existing safety training techniques like Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Trishna Chakraborty , Erfan Shayegani , Zikui Cai , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , M. Salman Asif , Yue Dong , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

While safety alignment for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has gained significant attention, current paradigms primarily target malicious intent or situational violations. We propose shifting the safety frontier toward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ming Wen , Kun Yang , Jingyu Zhang , Yuxuan Liu , shiwen cui , Shouling Ji , Xingjun Ma

The security concerns surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains understudied. In this paper, we observe that Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xin Liu , Yichen Zhu , Jindong Gu , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) by transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xue Zhang , Songming Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Distillation has shown remarkable success in transferring knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) teacher to a student LLM. However, current distillation methods require similar tokenizers between the teacher and the student,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Benjamin Minixhofer , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

In this work, we explore a Multilingual Information Retrieval (MLIR) task, where the collection includes documents in multiple languages. We demonstrate that applying state-of-the-art approaches developed for cross-lingual information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zhiqi Huang , Hansi Zeng , Hamed Zamani , James Allan

The safety mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) exhibit notable fragility, as even fine-tuning on datasets without harmful content may still undermine their safety capabilities. Meanwhile, existing safety alignment methods…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Cen Chen , Hongyu Li , Mingyuan Chu , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in various tasks, yet their vast parameter sizes restrict their applicability in resource-constrained settings. Knowledge distillation (KD) offers a viable solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Haorui Wang , Zhen Qin , Feng Han , Jialu Liu , Simon Baumgartner , Michael Bendersky , Chao Zhang

Building safe Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple languages is essential in ensuring both safe access and linguistic diversity. To this end, we conduct a large-scale, comprehensive safety evaluation of the current LLM landscape.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Felix Friedrich , Simone Tedeschi , Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li , Kristian Kersting

Security concerns related to Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety implications for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), particularly in medical contexts (MedMLLMs), remain insufficiently studied.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xijie Huang , Xinyuan Wang , Hantao Zhang , Yinghao Zhu , Jiawen Xi , Jingkun An , Hao Wang , Hao Liang , Chengwei Pan

A recent trend in Natural Language Processing is the exponential growth in Language Model (LM) size, which prevents research groups without a necessary hardware infrastructure from participating in the development process. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jan Philip Wahle

Recent advancements in generative AI have led to the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) in software engineering, addressing numerous long-standing challenges. However, a comprehensive study examining the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ting Zhang , Chengran Yang , Yindu Su , Martin Weyssow , Hung Nguyen , Tan Bui , Hong Jin Kang , Yikun Li , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

We introduce a novel approach to large language model (LLM) distillation by formulating it as a constrained reinforcement learning problem. While recent work has begun exploring the integration of task-specific rewards into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthieu Zimmer , Xiaotong Ji , Tu Nguyen , Haitham Bou Ammar

Backdoor Attacks have been a serious vulnerability against Large Language Models (LLMs). However, previous methods only reveal such risk in specific models, or present tasks transferability after attacking the pre-trained phase. So, how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Tianjie Ju , Wei Du , Zhuosheng Zhang Gongshen Liu
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