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Grounded in socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL), this paper investigates how joint mental effort (JME) and joint visual attention (JVA) serve as process-level indicators of shared regulation in pair programming and how AI-driven…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Anahita Golrang , Kshitij Sharma

Pair programming is a widely used collaborative learning practice in computer science education yet its effectiveness varies substantially due to breakdowns in coordination attention and cognitive regulation between partners. This paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Anahita Golrang , Kshitij Sharma

Building agents with adaptive behavior in cooperative tasks stands as a paramount goal in the realm of multi-agent systems. Current approaches to developing cooperative agents rely primarily on learning-based methods, whose policy…

While AI agents demonstrate remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use, they remain fundamentally reactive: they compute responses only after explicit user prompts. This paradigm ignores a critical opportunity: the idle time between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoyi Hu , Qirong Lyu , Xianghan Kong , Weiwen Liu , Jianghao Lin , Zixuan Guo , Yan Xu , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Collaborative robots must quickly adapt to their partner's intent and preferences to proactively identify helpful actions. This is especially true in situated settings where human partners can continually teach robots new high-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jennifer Grannen , Siddharth Karamcheti , Blake Wulfe , Dorsa Sadigh

Strategic adaptation -- the ability to adjust interaction behavior in response to changing constraints and leverage -- is a central goal of negotiation training and an emerging target for AI coaching systems. However, adaptation is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mobasshira Akter Urmi , Raiyan Abdul Baten

Hybrid human-AI tutoring, where technology and humans jointly facilitate student learning, can be more beneficial than AI-only tutoring. However, preliminary evidence suggests that lower-performing students derive greater benefit from…

Embodied social agents have recently advanced in generating synchronized speech and gestures. However, most interactive systems remain fundamentally reactive, responding only to current sensory inputs within a short temporal window.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyi Zhang , Zixi Kang , Ruijie Zhao , Yusen Feng , Biao Jiang , Libin Liu

Behavior prediction plays an important role in integrated autonomous driving software solutions. In behavior prediction research, interactive behavior prediction is a less-explored area, compared to single-agent behavior prediction.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yutian Pang , Zehua Guo , Binnan Zhuang

Research on intelligent tutoring systems has been exploring data-driven methods to deliver effective adaptive assistance. While much work has been done to provide adaptive assistance when students seek help, they may not seek help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Mehak Maniktala , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes

Proactive task-oriented agents must autonomously anticipate user needs, identify actionable opportunities, and trigger software actions at appropriate moments - fundamentally shifting from reactive systems that await explicit instructions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lei Ding , Bin He , Chenguang Wang , Yang Liu

Adaptive learning systems can produce substantial learning gains, yet many students engage for too brief or too superficial a period to benefit. A central obstacle is measuring effort. Effort during multi-step problem solving is rarely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Lijin Zhang , Kexin Yang , Tomohiro Nagashima , Benjamin W. Domingue

While current chat-based AI assistants primarily operate reactively, responding only when prompted by users, there is significant potential for these systems to proactively assist in tasks without explicit invocation, enabling a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Valerie Chen , Alan Zhu , Sebastian Zhao , Hussein Mozannar , David Sontag , Ameet Talwalkar

In this paper, we introduce Attention Prompt Tuning (APT) - a computationally efficient variant of prompt tuning for video-based applications such as action recognition. Prompt tuning approaches involve injecting a set of learnable prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Vishal M. Patel

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without disclosing their data. Previous researches often require training the complete model parameters. However, the emergence of powerful pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shangchao Su , Mingzhao Yang , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Pre-trained vision-language models, e.g., CLIP, working with manually designed prompts have demonstrated great capacity of transfer learning. Recently, learnable prompts achieve state-of-the-art performance, which however are prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Baoshuo Kan , Teng Wang , Wenpeng Lu , Xiantong Zhen , Weili Guan , Feng Zheng

This study examines the role of AI-assisted pretesting in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly when integrated with generative AI tools like ChatGPT. Pretesting, a learning strategy in which students attempt to answer questions or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mahir Akgun , Sacip Toker

We present a demonstration of REACT, a new Real-time Educational AI-powered Classroom Tool that employs EDM techniques for supporting the decision-making process of educators. REACT is a data-driven tool with a user-friendly graphical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Ajay Kulkarni , Olga Gkountouna

Prompt learning has recently become a very efficient transfer learning paradigm for Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP) models. Compared with fine-tuning the entire encoder, prompt learning can obtain highly competitive results by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Guoyizhe Wei , Feng Wang , Anshul Shah , Rama Chellappa

Recent progress has shown great potential of visual prompt tuning (VPT) when adapting pre-trained vision transformers to various downstream tasks. However, most existing solutions independently optimize prompts at each layer, thereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Nan Zhou , Jiaxin Chen , Di Huang
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