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We study an indexing architecture to store and search in a database of high-dimensional vectors from the perspective of statistical signal processing and decision theory. This architecture is composed of several memory units, each of which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Ahmet Iscen , Teddy Furon , Vincent Gripon , Michael Rabbat , Hervé Jégou

Generative retrieval generates identifiers of relevant documents in an end-to-end manner using a sequence-to-sequence architecture for a given query. The relation between generative retrieval and other retrieval methods, especially those…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shiguang Wu , Wenda Wei , Mengqi Zhang , Zhumin Chen , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Pengjie Ren

In multi-vector retrieval, both queries and data are represented as sets of high-dimensional vectors, enabling finer-grained semantic matching and improving retrieval quality over single-vector approaches. However, its practical adoption is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yao Tian , Zhoujin Tian , Xi Zhao , Ruiyuan Zhang , Xiaofang Zhou

While nowadays visual anomaly detection algorithms use deep neural networks to extract salient features from images, the high dimensionality of extracted features makes it difficult to apply those algorithms to large data with 1000s of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Teng-Yok Lee

We introduce the first work to tackle the image retrieval problem as a continuous operation. While the proposed approaches in the literature can be roughly categorized into two main groups: category- and instance-based retrieval, in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Ziad Al-Halah , Andreas M. Lehrmann , Leonid Sigal

Information retrieval models that aim to search for documents relevant to a query have shown multiple successes, which have been applied to diverse tasks. Yet, the query from the user is oftentimes short, which challenges the retrievers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

We apply distributed language embedding methods from Natural Language Processing to assign a vector to each database entity associated token (for example, a token may be a word occurring in a table row, or the name of a column). These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Rajesh Bordawekar , Oded Shmueli

Modern vector databases enable efficient retrieval over high-dimensional neural embeddings, powering applications from web search to retrieval-augmented generation. However, classical theory predicts such tasks should suffer from the curse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Vihan Lakshman , Blaise Munyampirwa , Julian Shun , Benjamin Coleman

Embedding vectors are widely used for representing unstructured data and searching through it for semantically similar items. However, the large size of these vectors, due to their high-dimensionality, creates problems for modern vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mariano Tepper , Ted Willke

Hybrid queries, which combine vector nearest neighbor searches with scalar predicates, represent a fundamental challenge in managing vector databases. Existing methods often restrict the number of vector columns involved or the complexity…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ermu Qiu , Tianyi Chen , Jun Gao , Xing Wei , Yaofeng Tu , Yinjun Han , Yang Lin

Vector search, the task of finding the k-nearest neighbors of a query vector against a database of high-dimensional vectors, underpins many machine learning applications, including retrieval-augmented generation, recommendation systems, and…

Vector databases typically rely on approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search to retrieve the top-k closest vectors to a query in embedding space. While effective, this approach often yields semantically redundant results, missing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rahul Raja , Arpita Vats

Multi-vector representations generated by late interaction models, such as ColBERT, enable superior retrieval quality compared to single-vector representations in information retrieval applications. In multi-vector retrieval systems, both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Elias Jääsaari , Ville Hyvönen , Teemu Roos

A major difficulty in applying word vector embeddings in IR is in devising an effective and efficient strategy for obtaining representations of compound units of text, such as whole documents, (in comparison to the atomic words), for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Dwaipayan Roy , Debasis Ganguly , Mandar Mitra , Gareth J. F. Jones

Neural embedding models have become a fundamental component of modern information retrieval (IR) pipelines. These models produce a single embedding $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ per data-point, allowing for fast retrieval via highly optimized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Laxman Dhulipala , Majid Hadian , Rajesh Jayaram , Jason Lee , Vahab Mirrokni

We introduce and address the problem of ad hoc table retrieval: answering a keyword query with a ranked list of tables. This task is not only interesting on its own account, but is also being used as a core component in many other…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Shuo Zhang , Krisztian Balog

The need to compactly and robustly represent item-attribute relations arises in many important tasks, such as faceted browsing and recommendation systems. A popular machine learning approach for this task denotes that an item has an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shib Dasgupta , Andrew McCallum , Steffen Rendle , Li Zhang

Image retrieval is the task of finding images in a database that are most similar to a given query image. The performance of an image retrieval pipeline depends on many training-time factors, including the embedding model architecture, loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Gabriele Berton , Kevin Musgrave , Carlo Masone

With the recent advances in deep neural networks, anomaly detection in multimedia has received much attention in the computer vision community. While reconstruction-based methods have recently shown great promise for anomaly detection, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Chaoqin Huang , Fei Ye , Jinkun Cao , Maosen Li , Ya Zhang , Cewu Lu

Embedding-based retrieval aims to learn a shared semantic representation space for both queries and items, enabling efficient and effective item retrieval through approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) algorithms. In current industrial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Han Zhang , Yunjiang Jiang , Mingming Li , Haowei Yuan , Yiming Qiu , Wen-Yun Yang