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Recent work has shown that models trained to the same objective, and which achieve similar measures of accuracy on consistent test data, may nonetheless behave very differently on individual predictions. This inconsistency is undesirable in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Emily Black , Klas Leino , Matt Fredrikson

In a typical model of private information and choice under uncertainty, a decision maker observes a signal, updates her prior beliefs using Bayes rule, and maximizes her expected utility. If the decision maker's utility function satisfies…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-04 Tanay Raj Bhatt

Heterogeneous data from multiple populations, sub-groups, or sources is often represented as a ``mixture model'' with a single latent class influencing all of the observed covariates. Heterogeneity can be resolved at multiple levels by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Bijan Mazaheri , Chandler Squires , Caroline Uhler

Given only aggregate choice data and limited information about how menus are distributed across the population, we describe what can be inferred robustly about the distribution of preferences (or more general decision rules). We strengthen…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-16 Larry G Epstein , Kaushil Patel

A broad set of empirical phenomenon in the study of social, economic and machine behaviour can be modelled as complex systems with averaging dynamics. However many of these models naturally result in consensus or consensus-like outcomes. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Orowa Sikder

We study the fundamental tradeoffs between statistical accuracy and computational tractability in the analysis of high dimensional heterogeneous data. As examples, we study sparse Gaussian mixture model, mixture of sparse linear…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-22 Jianqing Fan , Han Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Stationarity is a very general, qualitative assumption, that can be assessed on the basis of application specifics. It is thus a rather attractive assumption to base statistical analysis on, especially for problems for which less general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Daniil Ryabko

A central problem in analyzing networks is partitioning them into modules or communities. One of the best tools for this is the stochastic block model, which clusters vertices into blocks with statistically homogeneous pattern of links.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-24 Xiaoran Yan

Researchers often have to deal with heterogeneous population with mixed regression relationships, increasingly so in the era of data explosion. In such problems, when there are many candidate predictors, it is not only of interest to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-05 Yan Li , Chun Yu , Yize Zhao , Robert H. Aseltine , Weixin Yao , Kun Chen

In many, if not most, machine learning applications the training data is naturally heterogeneous (e.g. federated learning, adversarial attacks and domain adaptation in neural net training). Data heterogeneity is identified as one of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-30 Harsh Vardhan , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

We initiate a study of algorithms with a focus on the computational complexity of individual elements, and introduce the fragile complexity of comparison-based algorithms as the maximal number of comparisons any individual element takes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Peyman Afshani , Rolf Fagerberg , David Hammer , Riko Jacob , Irina Kostitsyna , Ulrich Meyer , Manuel Penschuck , Nodari Sitchinava

High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 James Schmidt

Eliciting preferences from human judgements is inherently imprecise, yet most decision analysis methods force a single priority vector from pairwise comparisons, discarding the information embedded in inconsistencies. We instead leverage…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-27 Salvatore Greco , Sajid Siraj , Michele Lundy

The random coefficients model is an extension of the linear regression model that allows for unobserved heterogeneity in the population by modeling the regression coefficients as random variables. Given data from this model, the statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-15 Fabian Dunker , Konstantin Eckle , Katharina Proksch , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Empirical researchers often use slope-homogeneity tests to assess whether slopes can be treated as common across units. A key difficulty is that heterogeneity may be concentrated in a small number of units, so that a failure to reject…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-16 Antonio Raiola , Nazarii Salish

Quantitative properties of stochastic systems are usually specified in logics that allow one to compare the measure of executions satisfying certain temporal properties with thresholds. The model checking problem for stochastic systems with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Axel Legay , Benoit Delahaye

Virtually all the emergent properties of a complex system are rooted in the non-homogeneous nature of the behaviours of its elements and of the interactions among them. However, the fact that heterogeneity and correlations can appear…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-13 Aleix Bassolas , Vincenzo Nicosia

The modeling of complex systems such as ecological or socio-economic systems can be very challenging. Although various modeling approaches exist, they are generally not compatible and mutually consistent, and empirical data often do not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-07-19 Dirk Helbing

We study the performance of general dynamic matching models. This model is defined by a connected graph, where nodes represent the class of items and the edges the compatibilities between items. Items of different classes arrive one by one…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Arnaud Cadas , Josu Doncel , Jean-Michel Fourneau , Ana Bušić

This paper develops a framework to study the statistical power of revealed-preference tests. With randomly sampled budgets and mild smoothness of demand, statistical learning implies that any model consistent with the data must approximate…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-12 Charles Gauthier , Raghav Malhotra , Agustin Troccoli Moretti