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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the default strategy for providing large language model (LLM) agents with contextual knowledge. Yet RAG treats memory as a stateless lookup table: information persists indefinitely, retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joe Logan

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-horizon tasks due to the "context bottleneck" and the "lost-in-the-middle" phenomenon, where accumulated noise from verbose environments degrades reasoning over multi-turn interactions. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaozhe Li , Tianyi Lyu , Yizhao Yang , Liang Shan , Siyi Yang , Ligao Zhang , Zhuoyi Huang , Qingwen Liu , Yang Li

LLM-based conversational AI agents struggle to maintain coherent behavior over long horizons due to limited context. While RAG-based approaches are increasingly adopted to overcome this limitation by storing interactions in external memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Yifan Simon Liu , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Liam Gallagher , Scott Sanner

Mental health disorders impose a substantial global socioeconomic burden. While large language models (LLMs) offer 24/7, non-judgmental interactions to address this gap, pretrained models lack contextual coherence and emotional alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Eric Hua Qing Zhang , Julia Ive

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

In long conversations, an LLM can produce a next utterance that sounds plausible but rests on premises the conversation has already abandoned. Context-manipulation attacks against deployed agents now actively exploit this gap. We close it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qisong He , Yi Dong , Xiaowei Huang

Long-context language modeling is commonly framed as a scalability challenge of token-level attention, yet local-to-global information structuring remains largely implicit in existing approaches. Drawing on cognitive theories of discourse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyu Zeng , Qi Xu , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu

Artificial intelligence systems based on large language models (LLMs) can now generate coherent text, music, and images, yet they operate without a persistent state: each inference reconstructs context from scratch. This paper introduces…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Stefano Natangelo

Personalized and continuous interactions are critical for LLM-based conversational agents, yet finite context windows and static parametric memory hinder the modeling of long-term, cross-session user states. Existing approaches, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ao Tian , Yunfeng Lu , Xinxin Fan , Changhao Wang , Lanzhi Zhou , Yeyao Zhang , Yanfang Liu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable success across diverse fields. However, handling long contexts remains a significant challenge for LLMs due to the quadratic time and space complexity of attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Weijie Liu , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Long-term memory is becoming a central bottleneck for language agents. Exsting RAG and GraphRAG systems largely treat memory graphs as static retrieval middleware, which limits their ability to recover complete evidence chains from partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Juntong Wang , Haoyue Zhao , guanghui Pan , Xiyuan Wang , Yanbo Wang , Qiyan Deng , Muhan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) encode knowledge in parametric weights, making it costly to update or extend without retraining. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this limitation by appending retrieved text to the input, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bin Ju , Shenfeng Weng , Danying Zhou , Rongkai Xu , Kunkai Su

Memory retrieval in agentic large language model (LLM) systems is often treated as a static lookup problem, relying on flat vector search or fixed binary relational graphs. However, fixed graph structures cannot capture the varying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Guanpeng Li , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding responses in external knowledge during inference. However, conventiona RAG systems under-perform on structured tabular data, largely due to coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zebin Guo , Weidong Geng , Ruichen Mao

Long-horizon agentic reasoning requires large language models to act over long interaction histories containing thoughts, tool calls, observations, and partial conclusions. The challenge is not merely that these histories grow long, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuyang Hu , Hongjin Qian , Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Ziliang Zhao , Jiejun Tan , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Therapeutic dialogue is not a sequence of isolated responses: client goals, motivation, resistance, and therapeutic alliance evolve over time. Yet current LLM-based mental health dialogue systems often lack explicit mechanisms for tracking…

Large Video Language Models (LVLMs) have rapidly emerged as the focus of multimedia AI research. Nonetheless, when confronted with lengthy videos, these models struggle: their temporal windows are narrow, and they fail to notice…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zongsheng Cao , Yangfan He , Anran Liu , Feng Chen , Zepeng Wang , Jun Xie

Graph structures are increasingly used in dialog memory systems, but empirical findings on their effectiveness remain inconsistent, making it unclear which design choices truly matter. We present an experimental, system-oriented analysis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sen Hu , Yuxiang Wei , Jiaxin Ran , Zhiyuan Yao , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen , Lei Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang