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Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven code generation tools are increasingly used throughout the software development lifecycle to accelerate coding tasks. However, the security of AI-generated code using Large Language Models (LLMs) remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammed Kharma , Soohyeon Choi , Mohammed AlKhanafseh , David Mohaisen

This paper introduces CodeGemma, a collection of specialized open code models built on top of Gemma, capable of a variety of code and natural language generation tasks. We release three model variants. CodeGemma 7B pretrained (PT) and…

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like GitHub, introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jiexin Wang , Liuwen Cao , Xitong Luo , Zhiping Zhou , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

Software security mainly studies vulnerability detection: is my code vulnerable today? This hinders risk estimation, so new approaches are emerging to forecast the occurrence of future vulnerabilities. While useful, these approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Carlos E. Budde , Ranindya Paramitha , Fabio Massacci

Despite the impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development activities, recent studies show the concern of introducing vulnerabilities into software codebase by AI programming assistants (e.g., Copilot,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Sung Yong Kim , Zhiyu Fan , Yannic Noller , Abhik Roychoudhury

World models are emerging as a transformative paradigm in artificial intelligence, enabling agents to construct internal representations of their environments for predictive reasoning, planning, and decision-making. By learning latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Changyuan Zhao , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gaosheng Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Geng Sun , Shiwen Mao , Dong In Kim

Code large language models (Code LLMs) have made significant progress in code generation by translating natural language descriptions into functional code; however, real-world applications often demand stricter adherence to detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jian Yang , Wei Zhang , Shukai Liu , Linzheng Chai , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Ge Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Guanglin Niu , Zhoujun Li , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

The security of AI-generated code remains a major obstacle to its widespread adoption. Although code generation models achieve strong performance on functional benchmarks, their outputs frequently contain bugs and security weaknesses that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ali Soltanian Fard Jahromi , Amjed Tahir , Peng Liang , Foutse Khomh

The capability of imagining internally with a mental model of the world is vitally important for human cognition. If a machine intelligent agent can learn a world model to create a "dream" environment, it can then internally ask what-if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Minne Li , Mengyue Yang , Furui Liu , Xu Chen , Zhitang Chen , Jun Wang

Automated code generation using large language models (LLMs) has gained attention due to its efficiency and adaptability. However, real-world coding tasks or benchmarks like HumanEval and StudentEval often lack dedicated training datasets,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shuai Wang , Liang Ding , Yibing Zhan , Yong Luo , Zheng He , Dapeng Tao

The increasing complexity and volume of software systems have heightened the importance of identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities. The existing software vulnerability datasets frequently fall short in providing comprehensive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Murtuza Shahzad , Joseph Wilson , Ibrahim Al Azher , Hamed Alhoori , Mona Rahimi

The increasing availability of Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly foundation models, enables their use across a range of downstream applications, from scenarios with missing data to safety-critical contexts. This, in principle, may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zohaib Arshid , Daniele Bifolco , Fiorella Zampetti , Massimiliano Di Penta

The code generation capabilities of large language models(LLMs) have emerged as a critical dimension in evaluating their overall performance. However, prior research has largely overlooked the security risks inherent in the generated code.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xinghang Li , Jingzhe Ding , Chao Peng , Bing Zhao , Xiang Gao , Hongwan Gao , Xinchen Gu

Open-weight large language models (LLMs) unlock huge benefits in innovation, personalization, privacy, and democratization. However, their core advantage - modifiability - opens the door to systemic risks: bad actors can trivially subvert…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski , Dillon Bowen , Adam Gleave , Chris Cundy

Recently, we have witnessed the rapid development of large language models, which have demonstrated excellent capabilities in the downstream task of code generation. However, despite their potential, LLM-based code generation still faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu

Integrating AI into the physical layer is a cornerstone of 6G networks. However, current data-driven approaches struggle to generalize across dynamic environments because they lack an intrinsic understanding of electromagnetic wave…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ziqi Chen , Yi Ren , Yixuan Huang , Qi Sun , Nan Li , Yuhong Huang , Chih-Lin I , Yifan Li , Liang Xia

This work introduces Gemma, a family of lightweight, state-of-the art open models built from the research and technology used to create Gemini models. Gemma models demonstrate strong performance across academic benchmarks for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Gemma Team , Thomas Mesnard , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Surya Bhupatiraju , Shreya Pathak , Laurent Sifre , Morgane Rivière , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Juliette Love , Pouya Tafti , Léonard Hussenot , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Adam Roberts , Aditya Barua , Alex Botev , Alex Castro-Ros , Ambrose Slone , Amélie Héliou , Andrea Tacchetti , Anna Bulanova , Antonia Paterson , Beth Tsai , Bobak Shahriari , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Clément Crepy , Daniel Cer , Daphne Ippolito , David Reid , Elena Buchatskaya , Eric Ni , Eric Noland , Geng Yan , George Tucker , George-Christian Muraru , Grigory Rozhdestvenskiy , Henryk Michalewski , Ian Tenney , Ivan Grishchenko , Jacob Austin , James Keeling , Jane Labanowski , Jean-Baptiste Lespiau , Jeff Stanway , Jenny Brennan , Jeremy Chen , Johan Ferret , Justin Chiu , Justin Mao-Jones , Katherine Lee , Kathy Yu , Katie Millican , Lars Lowe Sjoesund , Lisa Lee , Lucas Dixon , Machel Reid , Maciej Mikuła , Mateo Wirth , Michael Sharman , Nikolai Chinaev , Nithum Thain , Olivier Bachem , Oscar Chang , Oscar Wahltinez , Paige Bailey , Paul Michel , Petko Yotov , Rahma Chaabouni , Ramona Comanescu , Reena Jana , Rohan Anil , Ross McIlroy , Ruibo Liu , Ryan Mullins , Samuel L Smith , Sebastian Borgeaud , Sertan Girgin , Sholto Douglas , Shree Pandya , Siamak Shakeri , Soham De , Ted Klimenko , Tom Hennigan , Vlad Feinberg , Wojciech Stokowiec , Yu-hui Chen , Zafarali Ahmed , Zhitao Gong , Tris Warkentin , Ludovic Peran , Minh Giang , Clément Farabet , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Demis Hassabis , Zoubin Ghahramani , Douglas Eck , Joelle Barral , Fernando Pereira , Eli Collins , Armand Joulin , Noah Fiedel , Evan Senter , Alek Andreev , Kathleen Kenealy

World models are a powerful paradigm in AI and robotics, enabling agents to reason about the future by predicting visual observations or compact latent states. The 1X World Model Challenge introduces an open-source benchmark of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Riccardo Mereu , Aidan Scannell , Yuxin Hou , Yi Zhao , Aditya Jitta , Antonio Dominguez , Luigi Acerbi , Amos Storkey , Paul Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning abilities are increasingly being applied to classical board and card games, but the dominant approach -- involving prompting for direct move generation -- has significant drawbacks. It relies on the…