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The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Electron-Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS) are two highly effective instruments in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The quality of these instruments is determined by various factors, with…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Hamidreza Moradi , Fatemeh Mehradnia

Despite advancements in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector speeds, the acquisition rates of 4-Dimensional (4D) EBSD data, i.e., a collection of 2-dimensional (2D) diffraction maps for every position of a convergent electron…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Zoë Broad , Daniel Nicholls , Jack Wells , Alex W. Robinson , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Robert Masters , Louise Hughes , Nigel D. Browning

We present a simple 'shift-and-add' based improvement in the angular resolution of single electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. Sub-pixel image registration is used to measure the (sub-pixel) difference in projection parameters…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-15 Ben Britton , Tianbi Zhang

Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (MRSTEM) is a powerful phase-contrast technique that can map lateral magnetic and electric fields ranging from the micrometer to the subatomic scale. Resolving fields ranging from…

Correlative light and electron microscopy is a powerful tool to study the internal structure of cells. It combines the mutual benefit of correlating light (LM) and electron (EM) microscopy information. However, the classical approach of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Fengjiao Ma , Rainer Kaufmann , Jaroslaw Sedzicki , Zoltán Cseresnyés , Christoph Dehio , Stephanie Hoeppener , Marc Thilo Figge , Rainer Heintzmann

Text embeddings are commonly evaluated on a small set of datasets from a single task not covering their possible applications to other tasks. It is unclear whether state-of-the-art embeddings on semantic textual similarity (STS) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Niklas Muennighoff , Nouamane Tazi , Loïc Magne , Nils Reimers

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a technique to obtain microcrystallographic information from materials by collecting large-angle Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). An important fundamental question…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-06 Aimo Winkelmann , T. Ben Britton , Gert Nolze

A common task in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data processing is to compare three-dimensional density maps of macromolecules. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for aligning three-dimensional density maps that exploits common…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Yael Harpaz , Yoel Shkolnisky

High angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) affords an increase in angular resolution, as compared to 'conventional' Hough transform based EBSD, of two orders of magnitude, enabling measurements of relative…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-10-03 T Ben Britton , James L R Hickey

Band gap variations in thin film structures, across grain boundaries, and in embedded nanoparticles are of increasing interest in the materials science community. As many common experimental techniques for measuring band gaps do not have…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-10-22 Cecilie S. Granerød , Wei Zhan , Øystein Prytz

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns can exhibit Kikuchi bands with inverted contrast due to anomalous absorption. This can be observed, for example, on samples with nanoscale topography, in case of a low tilt backscattering…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-22 Grzegorz Cios , Aimo Winkelmann , Gert Nolze , Tomasz Tokarski , Benedykt R. Jany , Piotr Bała

In four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) a focused beam is scanned over a specimen and a diffraction pattern is recorded at each position using a pixelated detector. During the experiment, it must be ensured…

Text embeddings are vital for tasks such as text retrieval and semantic textual similarity (STS). Recently, the advent of pretrained language models, along with unified benchmarks like the Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB), has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Mingxin Li , Zhijie Nie , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang , Pengjun Xie

We have developed a real-space method to correct distortion due to thermal drift and piezoelectric actuator nonlinearities on scanning tunneling microscope images using Matlab. The method uses the known structures typically present in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-02-03 Mitchell P. Yothers , Aaron E. Browder , Lloyd A. Bumm

Accurate quantification of the energy distribution of backscattered electrons (BSEs) contributing to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns remains as an active challenge. This study introduces an energy-resolved EBSD methodology…

This white paper summarizes the conclusions of the Snowmass White Paper "Spectroscopic Needs for Imaging Dark Energy Experiments" (arXiv:1309.5384) which are relevant to the calibration of LSST photometric redshifts; i.e., the accurate…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-17 Samuel J. Schmidt , Jeffrey A. Newman , Alexandra Abate , the Spectroscopic Needs White Paper Team

This paper presents an approach to improve text embedding models through contrastive fine-tuning on small datasets augmented with expert scores. It focuses on enhancing semantic textual similarity tasks and addressing text retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jun Lu , David Li , Bill Ding , Yu Kang

We offer a method of correlations mapping on the full celestial sphere that allows to check the quality of reconstructed maps, their non-Gaussianity and conduct experiments in various frequency ranges. The method was evaluated on the WMAP…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 O. V. Verkhodanov , M. L. Khabibullina , E. K. Majorova

Realizing high-throughput aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) exploration of atomic structures requires rapid tuning of multipole probe correctors while compensating for the inevitable drift of the optical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Utkarsh Pratiush , Austin Houston , Richard Liu , Gerd Duscher , Sergei Kalinin

Pattern matching between target electron backscatter patterns (EBSPs) and dynamically simulated EBSPs was used to determine the pattern centre (PC) and crystal orientation, using a global optimisation algorithm. Systematic analysis of error…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-04-16 Tomohito Tanaka , Angus J. Wilkinson