Related papers: Thermal Spectra Without Detailed Balance
How thermal equilibrium is determined in a weakly collisional plasma is a fundamental question in plasma physics. This letter shows that the turbulence driven by the magnetic curvature and density gradient tends to equilibrate the…
The kernel of the evolution equation is used to build a mathematical theory of thermal phenomena of gaseous and condensed matter. The group velocity of sound and the molar density are proposed to be its two thermal variables that replace…
Thermal emission is the radiation of electromagnetic waves from hot objects. The promise of thermal-emission engineering for applications in energy harvesting, radiative cooling, and thermal camouflage has recently led to renewed research…
The spectral analysis of the electromagnetic field on the background of a infinitely thin flat plasma layer is carried out. This model is loosely imitating a single base plane from graphite and it is of interest for theoretical studies of…
All spectrometers rely on some mechanism to achieve spectral selectivity; common examples include gratings, prisms, and interferometers with moving mirrors. We experimentally demonstrated and validated a spectroscopic technique -- here…
The search for the signature of non-thermal (so-called ``hot'') electrons in illuminated plasmonic nanostructures requires a detailed understanding of the non-equilibrium electron distribution under illumination, as well as a careful design…
Open quantum systems that comply with the master equation and detailed balance decay in a non-oscillatory manner to thermal equilibrium. Beyond the weak coupling limit, systems that break microreversibility (e.g., in the presence of…
The lack of coherent room-temperature sources in the whole terahertz spectral window (0.3-10 THz) has significantly hampered the growth of scientific and technological applications in this range. Among them, high-precision frequency…
In bosonic quantum metrology, the estimate of a loss parameter is typically performed by means of pure states, such as coherent, squeezed or entangled states, while mixed thermal probes are discarded for their inferior performance. Here we…
Thermal plasma of solar atmosphere includes a wide range of temperatures. This plasma is often quantified, both in observations and models, by a differential emission measure (DEM). DEM is a distribution of the thermal electron density…
We introduce a technique based on infrared thermal emission, termed depth thermography, that can remotely measure the temperature distribution beneath the surface of certain objects. Depth thermography utilizes the thermal-emission spectrum…
Observations of GRB 100724B with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) find that the spectrum is dominated by the typical Band functional form, which is usually taken to represent a non-thermal emission component, but also includes a…
One of the goals of pump/probe spectroscopies is to determine how electrons relax after they have been driven out of equilibrium. It is challenging to determine how close electrons are to a thermal state solely by fitting their distribution…
The experimental investigation of matter under extreme densities and temperatures as they occur for example in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications constitutes one of the most active frontiers at the interface of material…
The emission of energy as electromagnetic radiation is ubiquitous, in particular because objects release thermal energy in the form of photons. Most theories of thermal radiation assume that the thermal emissions originate from a continuum…
Two criteria for the spectra of relativistic waves are proposed. Zero-point radiation provides the identity representation of the conformal group in Minkowski spacetime. Thermal radiation provides the irreducible representation of the…
Coherent thermal emission for a given polarization has been observed in many metamaterials with micro/nanostructures. A complete description of the thermal emission requires the full characterization of the spectral angular emissivity for…
The unknown temperature of a sample may be estimated with minimal disturbance by putting it in thermal contact with an individual quantum probe. If the interaction time is sufficiently long so that the probe thermalizes, the temperature can…
Thermal equilibrium states are exponentially hard to distinguish at very low temperatures, making equilibrium quantum thermometry in this regime a formidable task. We present a thermometric scheme that circumvents this limitation, by using…
We calculate, by means of fluctuational electrodynamics, the thermal emission of an aperture filled by vacuum or a material at temperature T. We show that thermal emission is very different whether the aperture size is large or small…