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With the breakthrough of Transformer-based pre-trained models, the demand for fine-tuning (FT) to adapt the base pre-trained models to downstream applications continues to grow, so it is essential for service providers to reduce the cost of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sheng Lin , Fangcheng Fu , Haoyang Li , Hao Ge , Xuanyu Wang , Jiawen Niu , Yaofeng Tu , Bin Cui

While large pre-trained models have achieved impressive performance across AI tasks, their deployment in privacy-sensitive and distributed environments remains challenging. Federated learning (FL) offers a viable solution by enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruofan Jia , Weiying Xie , Jie Lei , Jitao Ma , Haonan Qin , Leyuan Fang

This paper proposes Edge-FIT (Federated Instruction Tuning on the Edge), a scalable framework for Federated Instruction Tuning (FIT) of Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional Federated Learning (TFL) methods, like FedAvg, fail when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Vinay Venkatesh , Vamsidhar R Kamanuru , Lav Kumar , Nikita Kothari

Traditional Federated Learning (FL) methods encounter significant challenges when dealing with heterogeneous data and providing personalized solutions for non-IID scenarios. Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) approaches aim to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yasaman Saadati , Mohammad Rostami , M. Hadi Amini

Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) are two prominent distributed collaborative learning techniques that maintain data privacy by allowing clients to never share their private data with other clients and servers, and fined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Momin Ahmad Khan , Virat Shejwalkar , Amir Houmansadr , Fatima Muhammad Anwar

Distributed Learning (DL) enables the training of machine learning models across multiple devices, yet it faces challenges like non-IID data distributions and device capability disparities, which can impede training efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Mengchen Fan , Keren Li , Tianyun Zhang , Qing Tian , Baocheng Geng

Nowadays, AI companies improve service quality by aggressively collecting users' data generated by edge devices, which jeopardizes data privacy. To prevent this, Federated Learning is proposed as a private learning scheme, using which users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Jingtao Li , Runcong Kuang

Federated learning is a privacy-focused approach towards machine learning where models are trained on client devices with locally available data and aggregated at a central server. However, the dependence on a single central server is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shamik Bhattacharyya , Rachel Kalpana Kalaimani

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly powering web-based applications, whose effectiveness relies on fine-tuning with large-scale instruction data. However, such data often contains valuable or sensitive information that limits its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yicheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Jian Hou , Shuiguang Deng

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has risen as an innovative training strategy that updates only a select few model parameters, significantly lowering both computational and memory demands. PEFT also helps to decrease data transfer in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Shuangyi Chen , Yue Ju , Hardik Dalal , Zhongwen Zhu , Ashish Khisti

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained clients remains a challenging problem. Recent works have fused low-rank adaptation (LoRA) techniques with federated fine-tuning to mitigate challenges associated with client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for fine-tuning foundation models using distributed data in a privacy-preserving manner. Under limited computational resources, clients often find it more practical to fine-tune a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yuchang Sun , Yuexiang Xie , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li , Jun Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) provides decentralised model training, which effectively tackles problems such as distributed data and privacy preservation. However, the generalisation of global models frequently faces challenges from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed model training paradigm that preserves clients' data privacy. It has gained tremendous attention from both academia and industry. FL hyper-parameters (e.g., the number of selected clients and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Huanle Zhang , Lei Fu , Mi Zhang , Pengfei Hu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Prasant Mohapatra , Xin Liu

While "instruction-tuned" generative large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generalize to new tasks, the training phases heavily rely on large amounts of diverse and high-quality instruction data (such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jianyi Zhang , Saeed Vahidian , Martin Kuo , Chunyuan Li , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Yu , Yufan Zhou , Guoyin Wang , Yiran Chen

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for training machine learning models distributively without sacrificing data security and privacy. Learning models on edge devices such as mobile phones is one of the most common use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sixing Yu , Phuong Nguyen , Ali Anwar , Ali Jannesari

Federated Learning has recently been utilized to collaboratively fine-tune foundation models across multiple clients. Notably, federated low-rank adaptation LoRA-based fine-tuning methods have recently gained attention, which allows clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zikai Zhang , Ping Liu , Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Instruction tuning is a crucial step in improving the responsiveness of pretrained large language models (LLMs) to human instructions. Federated learning (FL) helps to exploit the use of vast private instruction data from clients, becoming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Bingsheng He , Shuiguang Deng