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Private data holds promise for improving LLMs due to its high quality, but its scattered distribution across data silos and the high computational demands of LLMs limit their deployment in federated environments. To address this, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zishuai Zhang , Hainan zhang , Weihua Li , Qinnan zhang , jin Dong , Yongxin Tong , Zhiming Zheng

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become the de-facto approach in adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks in Natural Language Processing. However, its adoption in privacy-preserving distributed learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Souvik Kundu , Priyadarshini Panda

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are the two popular distributed machine learning (ML) approaches that provide some data privacy protection mechanisms. In the time-series classification problem, many researchers typically use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Lianlian Jiang , Yuexuan Wang , Wenyi Zheng , Chao Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sin G. Teo

Federated Learning(FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm where a global model is trained in-situ across a large number of distributed edge devices. These systems are often comprised of millions of user devices and only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yuanli Wang , Lei Huang

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that facilitates massively distributed model training with end-user data on edge devices directed by a central server. However, the large number of heterogeneous clients in FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Qifan Yan , Andrew Liu , Shiqi He , Mathias Lécuyer , Ivan Beschastnikh

In recent years, there have been great advances in the field of decentralized learning with private data. Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are two spearheads possessing their pros and cons, and are suited for many user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Shraman Pal , Mansi Uniyal , Jihong Park , Praneeth Vepakomma , Ramesh Raskar , Mehdi Bennis , Moongu Jeon , Jinho Choi

The hierarchical architecture of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has enabled a new Federated Learning (FL) paradigm that trains models using data from non- and near-real-time (near-RT) Radio Intelligent Controllers (RICs). However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Shunxian Gu , Chaoqun You , Bangbang Ren , Deke Guo

As deep learning models become larger and more expensive, many practitioners turn to fine-tuning APIs. These web services allow fine-tuning a model between two parties: the client that provides the data, and the server that hosts the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Philip Zmushko , Marat Mansurov , Ruslan Svirschevski , Denis Kuznedelev , Max Ryabinin , Aleksandr Beznosikov

In this paper, we propose a novel distributed learning scheme, named group-based split federated learning (GSFL), to speed up artificial intelligence (AI) model training. Specifically, the GSFL operates in a split-then-federated manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Penghui Hu , Shaofeng Li , Ning Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative learning of large-scale distributed clients without data sharing. However, due to the disparity of computing resources among massive mobile computing devices, the performance of traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Ruixuan Liu , Ming Hu , Zeke Xia , Jun Xia , Pengyu Zhang , Yihao Huang , Yang Liu , Mingsong Chen

Recently, foundation models have exhibited remarkable advancements in multi-modal learning. These models, equipped with millions (or billions) of parameters, typically require a substantial amount of data for finetuning. However, collecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Haokun Chen , Yao Zhang , Denis Krompass , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their raw data. However, the limited computation resources of the clients may result in a high delay and energy consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Chuiyang Meng , Ming Tang , Vincent W. S. Wong

The practical deployment of Federated Learning (FL) on resource-constrained devices is fundamentally limited by the high cost of training large models and the instability caused by heterogeneous (non-IID) client data. Conventional pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christian Internò , Elena Raponi , Markus Olhofer , Ali Raza , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein , Yaochu Jin , Barbara Hammer

The paper studies a fundamental federated learning (FL) problem involving multiple clients with heterogeneous constrained resources. Compared with the numerous training parameters, the computing and communication resources of clients are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ruirui Zhang , Xingze Wu , Yifei Zou , Zhenzhen Xie , Peng Li , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Split Federated Learning (SFL) has recently emerged as a promising distributed learning technology, leveraging the strengths of both federated and split learning. It emphasizes the advantages of rapid convergence while addressing privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Jungchan Cho , H. Vincent Poor

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that allows decentralized collaborative model training across a set of distributed clients, by avoiding raw data exchange. A fundamental component of FL is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sara Alosaime , Arshad Jhumka

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are two effective distributed learning paradigms in wireless networks, enabling collaborative model training across mobile devices without sharing raw data. While FL supports low-latency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Kun Guo , Xuefei Li , Xijun Wang , Howard H. Yang , Wei Feng , Tony Q. S. Quek

The rapid growth of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has resulted in significant security risks, particularly the risk of malware attacks on resource-constrained devices. Conventional deep learning methods are impractical due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Siva Sai , Manish Prasad , Animesh Bhargava , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

Federated fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is obstructed by a trilemma of challenges: protecting LLMs intellectual property (IP), ensuring client privacy, and mitigating performance loss on heterogeneous data. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tao Fan , Guoqiang Ma , Yuanfeng Song , Lixin Fan , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Long-context supervised fine-tuning (Long-SFT) plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on long-context tasks. To smoothly adapt LLMs to long-context scenarios, this process typically entails training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongtao Xu , Wenting Shen , Yuanxin Wei , Ang Wang , Guo Runfan , Tianxing Wang , Yong Li , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia