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Most machine learning (ML) models are developed for prediction only; offering no option for causal interpretation of their predictions or parameters/properties. This can hamper the health systems' ability to employ ML models in clinical…

Self-supervised learning in vision-language processing exploits semantic alignment between imaging and text modalities. Prior work in biomedical VLP has mostly relied on the alignment of single image and report pairs even though clinical…

Medical images usually suffer from image degradation in clinical practice, leading to decreased performance of deep learning-based models. To resolve this problem, most previous works have focused on filtering out degradation-causing…

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) models excel at understanding image-text relationships but struggle with adapting to new data without forgetting prior knowledge. To address this, models are typically fine-tuned using both new…

Cell-level dense prediction is central to computational pathology, but remains challenging due to fine-grained histological structures, strong domain shifts, and costly dense annotations. Existing ViT-based pathology foundation models rely…

Deep learning models have shown promising performance for cell nucleus segmentation in the field of pathology image analysis. However, training a robust model from multiple domains remains a great challenge for cell nucleus segmentation.…

Clinical diagnosis begins with doctor-patient interaction, during which physicians iteratively gather information, determine examination and refine differential diagnosis through patients' response. This dynamic clinical-reasoning process…

Generating radiology reports automatically reduces the workload of radiologists and helps the diagnoses of specific diseases. Many existing methods take this task as modality transfer process. However, since the key information related to…

While large language models hold promise for complex medical applications, their development is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality reasoning data. To address this issue, existing approaches typically distill chain-of-thought reasoning…

Causal learning has long concerned itself with the accurate recovery of underlying causal mechanisms. Such causal modelling enables better explanations of out-of-distribution data. Prior works on causal learning assume that the high-level…

Pursuing training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation in an efficient and generalizable manner remains challenging due to the deep-seated spatial bias in CLIP. To overcome the limitations of existing solutions, this work moves beyond…

Artificial intelligence in healthcare requires models that are accurate and interpretable. We advance mechanistic interpretability in medical vision by applying Medical Sparse Autoencoders (MedSAEs) to the latent space of MedCLIP, a…

Learning medical visual representations directly from paired images and reports through multimodal self-supervised learning has emerged as a novel and efficient approach to digital diagnosis in recent years. However, existing models suffer…

True intelligence hinges on the ability to uncover and leverage hidden causal relations. Despite significant progress in AI and computer vision (CV), there remains a lack of benchmarks for assessing models' abilities to infer latent…

Causal Temporal Representation Learning (Ctrl) methods aim to identify the temporal causal dynamics of complex nonstationary temporal sequences. Despite the success of existing Ctrl methods, they require either directly observing the domain…

Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models. While recognized as a promising paradigm for visual reasoning, the underlying mechanisms driving its…

Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical practice as each contrast provides complementary information. However, the availability of each imaging contrast may vary amongst patients, which poses challenges to…

Deep neural networks have enabled major progresses in semantic segmentation. However, even the most advanced neural architectures suffer from important limitations. First, they are vulnerable to catastrophic forgetting, i.e. they perform…

Healthcare fraud detection remains a critical challenge due to limited availability of labeled data, constantly evolving fraud tactics, and the high dimensionality of medical records. Traditional supervised methods are challenged by extreme…

Deep learning often faces the challenge of efficiently processing dynamic inputs, such as sensor data or user inputs. For example, an AI writing assistant is required to update its suggestions in real time as a document is edited.…