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Agentic systems are evaluated on benchmarks where agents interact with environments to solve tasks. Most papers report a pass@1 score computed from a single run per task, assuming this gives a reliable performance estimate. We test this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bjarni Haukur Bjarnason , André Silva , Martin Monperrus

Agentic workflows -- where multiple large language model (LLM) instances interact to solve tasks -- are increasingly built on feedback mechanisms, where one model evaluates and critiques another. Despite the promise of feedback-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yifei Ming , Zixuan Ke , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Jiayu Wang , Shafiq Joty

Can AI agents predict whether they will succeed at a task? We study agentic uncertainty by eliciting success probability estimates before, during, and after task execution. All results exhibit agentic overconfidence: some agents that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jean Kaddour , Srijan Patel , Gbètondji Dovonon , Leo Richter , Pasquale Minervini , Matt J. Kusner

Contemporary benchmarks for agentic artificial intelligence (AI) frequently evaluate safety through isolated task-level accuracy thresholds, implicitly treating autonomous systems as single points of failure. This single-channel paradigm…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nelu D. Radpour

AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because tool-use failures are difficult to diagnose and control. Agents may skip required tool calls, invoke tools unnecessarily, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become ubiquitous across various scientific domains, their lack of ability to perform complex tasks like running simulations or to make complex decisions limits their utility. LLM-based agents bridge this gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Anurag Acharya , Timothy Vega , Rizwan A. Ashraf , Anshu Sharma , Derek Parker , Robert Rallo

Multi-agent systems achieve state-of-the-art outcomes through peer collaboration. However, when an agent in the pipeline silently drops a constraint, the system's final output may look correct even though the reasoning chain was quietly…

AI agents hold the potential to revolutionize scientific productivity by automating literature reviews, replicating experiments, analyzing data, and even proposing new directions of inquiry; indeed, there are now many such agents, ranging…

Recent advances in reasoning models and agentic AI systems have led to an increased reliance on diverse external information. However, this shift introduces input contexts that are inherently noisy, a reality that current sanitized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Seongyun Lee , Yongrae Jo , Minju Seo , Moontae Lee , Minjoon Seo

As multi-agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in real-world workflows, users with diverse technical backgrounds are now building and refining their own agentic processes. However, these systems can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xinru Wang , Ming Yin , Eunyee Koh , Mustafa Doga Dogan

As agentic AI systems increasingly operate autonomously, establishing trust through verifiable evaluation becomes critical. Yet existing benchmarks lack the transparency and auditability needed to assess whether agents behave reliably. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hyunjun Kim , Sooyoung Ryu

Evaluation is no longer a final checkpoint in the machine learning lifecycle. As AI systems evolve from static models to compound, tool-using agents, evaluation becomes a core control function. The question is no longer "How good is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Ali El Filali , Inès Bedar

LLM-based agents are rapidly being adopted for scientific data analysis, automating tasks once limited by human time and expertise. This capability is often framed as an acceleration of discovery, but it also accelerates a familiar failure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dionizije Fa , Marko Culjak

Agentic workflows, where multiple AI agents collaborate to accomplish complex tasks like reasoning or planning, play a substantial role in many cutting-edge commercial applications, and continue to fascinate researchers across fields for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Deepak Pandita , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Ankit Parag Shah , Isabelle Diana May-Xin Ng , Christopher M. Homan , Wei Wei

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

Agentic systems for business process automation often require compliance with policies governing conditional updates to the system state. Evaluation of policy adherence in LLM-based agentic workflows is typically performed by comparing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ella Rabinovich , David Boaz , Naama Zwerdling , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Formal specification is essential for rigorous program verification, yet writing correct specifications remains costly and difficult to automate. Although large language models (LLMs) and agents have shown promising progress, their true…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dong Xu , Jialun Cao , Guozhao Mo , Junjie Hu , Cheng Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Shengchao Qin , Cong Tian , Shing-Chi Cheung , Le Sun , Yaojie Lu

Modern AI benchmarks operate at a complexity that outpaces traditional verification methods. Tasks authored by domain experts often contain implicit assumptions, incomplete environment specifications, and brittle evaluation logic that human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Junlin Wang , Federico Bianchi , Shang Zhu , Fan Nie , Yongchan Kwon , Bhuwan Dhingra , James Zou

Modern AI agents, driven by advances in large foundation models, promise to enhance our productivity and transform our lives by augmenting our knowledge and capabilities. To achieve this vision, AI agents must effectively plan, perform…

Large-language-model (LLM)-based AI agents have recently showcased impressive versatility by employing dynamic reasoning, an adaptive, multi-step process that coordinates with external tools. This shift from static, single-turn inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jiin Kim , Byeongjun Shin , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu