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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a natural language grounding task where agents have to interpret natural language instructions in the context of visual scenes in a dynamic environment to achieve prescribed navigation goals.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Haoshuo Huang , Vihan Jain , Harsh Mehta , Jason Baldridge , Eugene Ie

This paper focuses on embodied task planning, where an agent acquires visual observations from the environment and executes atomic actions to accomplish a given task. Although recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peiran Xu , Jiaqi Zheng , Yadong Mu

The realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) necessitates Embodied AI agents capable of robust spatial perception, effective task planning, and adaptive execution in physical environments. However, current large language models…

Embodied agents are expected to operate persistently in dynamic physical environments, continuously acquiring new capabilities over time. Existing approaches to improving agent performance often rely on modifying the agent itself -- through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

This chapter bridges technical analysis and organizational preparedness by tracing the path from layered failure modes to reliability awareness in generative and agentic AI systems. We first introduce an 11-layer failure stack, a structured…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Janet , Lin , Liangwei Zhang

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) has gained significant research interest in recent years due to its potential applications in real-world scenarios. However, existing VLN methods struggle with the issue of spurious associations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Liuyi Wang , Zongtao He , Ronghao Dang , Huiyi Chen , Chengju Liu , Qijun Chen

Language models are exhibiting increasing capability in knowledge utilization and reasoning. However, when applied as agents in embodied environments, they often suffer from misalignment between their intrinsic knowledge and environmental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hanlin Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

In the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task an embodied agent navigates a 3D environment, following natural language instructions. A challenge in this task is how to handle 'off the path' scenarios where an agent veers from a reference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sonia Raychaudhuri , Saim Wani , Shivansh Patel , Unnat Jain , Angel X. Chang

Vision-language navigation (VLN) is the task of entailing an agent to carry out navigational instructions inside photo-realistic environments. One of the key challenges in VLN is how to conduct a robust navigation by mitigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Hanqing Wang , Wenguan Wang , Tianmin Shu , Wei Liang , Jianbing Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks, yet current applications face challenges. While LLMs excel in general conversation scenarios, they struggle with specialized navigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yunzhe Xu , Yiyuan Pan , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Large-scale pre-training has shown promising results on the vision-and-language navigation (VLN) task. However, most existing pre-training methods employ discrete panoramas to learn visual-textual associations. This requires the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Dong An , Yuankai Qi , Yangguang Li , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Jing Shao

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) is a core challenge in embodied AI, requiring agents to navigate real-world environments using natural language instructions. Current language model-based navigation systems operate on discrete topological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhangyang Qi , Zhixiong Zhang , Yizhou Yu , Jiaqi Wang , Hengshuang Zhao

We investigate whether \emph{LLM-based agents} can develop task-oriented communication protocols that differ from standard natural language in collaborative reasoning tasks. Our focus is on two core properties such task-oriented protocols…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Boaz Carmeli , Orr Paradise , Shafi Goldwasser , Yonatan Belinkov , Ron Meir

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) requires embodied agents to interpret natural language instructions and navigate through complex continuous 3D environments. However, the dominant imitation learning paradigm suffers from exposure bias,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Gang He , Zhenyang Liu , Kepeng Xu , Li Xu , Tong Qiao , Wenxin Yu , Chang Wu , Weiying Xie

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) aims to empower robots with the ability to perform long-horizon navigation in unfamiliar environments based on complex linguistic instructions. Its success critically hinges on establishing an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Ling Luo , Qianqian Bai

Developing agents capable of navigating to a target location based on language instructions and visual information, known as vision-language navigation (VLN), has attracted widespread interest. Most research has focused on ground-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xiangyu Wang , Donglin Yang , Ziqin Wang , Hohin Kwan , Jinyu Chen , Wenjun Wu , Hongsheng Li , Yue Liao , Si Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for autonomous driving often hit a performance plateau during Reinforcement Learning (RL) optimization. This stagnation arises from exploration capabilities constrained by previous Supervised Fine-Tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuechen Luo , Qimao Chen , Fang Li , Shaoqing Xu , Jaxin Liu , Ziying Song , Zhi-xin Yang , Fuxi Wen

We present Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance (VNLA), a grounded vision-language task where an agent with visual perception is guided via language to find objects in photorealistic indoor environments. The task emulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Khanh Nguyen , Debadeepta Dey , Chris Brockett , Bill Dolan

Deep Learning (DL) applications are being used to solve problems in critical domains (e.g., autonomous driving or medical diagnosis systems). Thus, developers need to debug their systems to ensure that the expected behavior is delivered.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mohammad Wardat , Breno Dantas Cruz , Wei Le , Hridesh Rajan