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Parton distribution functions (PDFs) form an essential part of particle physics calculations. Currently, the most precise predictions for these non-perturbative functions are generated through fits to global data. A problem that several PDF…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-04 Mengshi Yan , Tie-Jiun Hou , Zhao Li , Kirtimaan Mohan , C. -P. Yuan

This note aims to demonstrate that performing maximum-likelihood estimation for a mixture model is equivalent to minimizing over the parameters an optimal transport problem with entropic regularization. The objective is pedagogical: we seek…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-24 Titouan Vayer , Etienne Lasalle

We consider the problem of estimating the conditional probability distribution of missing values given the observed ones. We propose an approach, which combines the flexibility of deep neural networks with the simplicity of Gaussian mixture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Marcin Przewięźlikowski , Marek Śmieja , Łukasz Struski

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm has been predominantly used to approximate the maximum likelihood estimation of the location-scale Gaussian mixtures. However, when the models are over-specified, namely, the chosen number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-24 Tongzheng Ren , Fuheng Cui , Sujay Sanghavi , Nhat Ho

Finding the mode of a high dimensional probability distribution $D$ is a fundamental algorithmic problem in statistics and data analysis. There has been particular interest in efficient methods for solving the problem when $D$ is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Xinyu Luo , Christopher Musco , Cas Widdershoven

We investigate a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with component means constrained in a pre-selected subspace. Applications to classification and clustering are explored. An EM-type estimation algorithm is derived. We prove that the subspace…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-08-27 Mu Qiao , Jia Li

We develop here a semiparametric Gaussian mixture model (SGMM) for unsupervised learning with valuable spatial information taken into consideration. Specifically, we assume for each instance a random location. Then, conditional on this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Baichen Yu , Jin Liu , Hansheng Wang

The Dirichlet process mixture model and more general mixtures based on discrete random probability measures have been shown to be flexible and accurate models for density estimation and clustering. The goal of this paper is to illustrate…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-02 Ernesto Barrios , Antonio Lijoi , Luis E. Nieto-Barajas , Igor Prünster

One of the fundamental problems in machine learning is the estimation of a probability distribution from data. Many techniques have been proposed to study the structure of data, most often building around the assumption that observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-22 Oren Rippel , Ryan Prescott Adams

Many real-world networks exhibit hierarchical, tree-like structure and heavy-tailed degree distributions, phenomena not readily captured by standard statistical models for network data. Extensions of the popular continuous latent space…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Yiwei Gong , Anna L. Smith , Dena Asta , Catherine A. Calder

This work introduces a novel probabilistic deep learning technique called deep Gaussian mixture ensembles (DGMEs), which enables accurate quantification of both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. By assuming the data generating process…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-13 Yousef El-Laham , Niccolò Dalmasso , Elizabeth Fons , Svitlana Vyetrenko

Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are fundamental statistical tools for modeling heterogeneous data. Due to the nonconcavity of the likelihood function, the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is widely used for parameter estimation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Xin Bing , Dehan Kong , Bingqing Li

Finite mixture models, typically Gaussian mixtures, are well known and widely used as model-based clustering. In practical situations, there are many non-Gaussian data that are heavy-tailed and/or asymmetric. Normal inverse Gaussian (NIG)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-15 Takashi Takekawa

We consider the problem of fusing an arbitrary number of multiband, i.e., panchromatic, multispectral, or hyperspectral, images belonging to the same scene. We use the well-known forward observation and linear mixture models with Gaussian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Reza Arablouei

Multivariate normal mixtures provide a flexible model for high-dimensional data. They are widely used in statistical genetics, statistical finance, and other disciplines. Due to the unboundedness of the likelihood function, classical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-05-27 Jiahua Chen , Xianming Tan

We derive an asymptotic expansion for the log likelihood of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with equal covariance matrices in the low signal-to-noise regime. The expansion reveals an intimate connection between two types of algorithms for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Anya Katsevich , Afonso Bandeira

Global data association is an essential prerequisite for robot operation in environments seen at different times or by different robots. Repetitive or symmetric data creates significant challenges for existing methods, which typically rely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yixuan Jia , Mason B. Peterson , Qingyuan Li , Yulun Tian , Jonathan P. How

In recent years, with the large-scale expansion of graph data, there has been an increased focus on Riemannian manifold data spaces other than Euclidean space. In particular, the development of hyperbolic spaces has been remarkable, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Kota Fukuzawa , Atsushi Suzuki , Kenji Yamanishi

Composite likelihoods are increasingly used in applications where the full likelihood is analytically unknown or computationally prohibitive. Although the maximum composite likelihood estimator has frequentist properties akin to those of…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-07-08 Mathieu Ribatet , Daniel Cooley , Anthony C. Davison

This paper studies the interpretability of neural network features from a Bayesian Gaussian view, where optimizing a cost is reaching a probabilistic bound; learning a model approximates a density that makes the bound tight and the cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Bo Hu , Jose C. Principe