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We propose a supervised anomaly detection method based on neural density estimators, where the negative log likelihood is used for the anomaly score. Density estimators have been widely used for unsupervised anomaly detection. By the recent…
Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is a powerful tool for detecting and quantifying trace gases in atmospheric chemistry \cite{Platt_Stutz08}. DOAS spectra consist of a linear combination of complex multi-peak multi-scale…
Anomaly detection is the process of finding data points that deviate from a baseline. In a real-life setting, anomalies are usually unknown or extremely rare. Moreover, the detection must be accomplished in a timely manner or the risk of…
Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) is a well-known set of methods to measure the temporal dynamics of dynamic samples. In DWS, dynamic samples scatter the incident coherent light, and the information of the temporal dynamics is encoded in…
In this paper we propose a simple method to reject the high-frequency noise in the evaluation of statistical uncertainty of coherent optical fiber links. Specifically, we propose a preliminary data filtering, separated from the frequency…
Propensity score matching is a common tool for adjusting for observed confounding in observational studies, but is known to have limitations in the presence of unmeasured confounding. In many settings, researchers are confronted with…
Recent weakly supervised video anomaly detection methods have achieved significant advances by employing unified frameworks for joint optimization. However, this paradigm is limited by a fundamental sensitivity-stability trade-off, as the…
Anomalous sound detection systems must detect unknown, atypical sounds using only normal audio data. Conventional methods use the serial method, a combination of outlier exposure (OE), which classifies normal and pseudo-anomalous data and…
Anomalous sound detection (ASD) in the wild requires robustness to distribution shifts such as unseen low-SNR input mixtures of machine and noise types. State-of-the-art systems extract embeddings from an adapted audio encoder and detect…
Horizontal line arrays are often employed in underwater environments to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of a weak signal. Conventional beamforming (CB) is robust but has wide beamwidths and high-level sidelobes. High-resolution…
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology finds growing applications across various domains. However, data distribution disparities due to heterogeneous sensing environments pose challenges for data-driven artificial intelligence (AI)…
Oversampled adaptive sensing (OAS) is a recently proposed Bayesian framework which sequentially adapts the sensing basis. In OAS, estimation quality is, in each step, measured by conditional mean squared errors (MSEs), and the basis for the…
In this letter, we consider the varying detection environments to address the problem of detecting small targets within sea clutter. We first extract three simple yet practically discriminative features from the returned signals in the time…
Industrial maintenance is being transformed by the Internet of Things and edge computing, generating continuous data streams that demand real-time, adaptive decision-making under limited computational resources. While data stream mining…
In the end-of-line test of geared motors, the evaluation of product qual-ity is important. Due to time constraints and the high diversity of variants, acous-tic measurements are more economical than vibration measurements. However, the…
We consider the problem of detecting anomalies in the directional distribution of fibre materials observed in 3D images. We divide the image into a set of scanning windows and classify them into two clusters: homogeneous material and…
This paper proposes a framework of explaining anomalous machine sounds in the context of anomalous sound detection~(ASD). While ASD has been extensively explored, identifying how anomalous sounds differ from normal sounds is also beneficial…
This paper proposes a low-power online anomaly detection framework based on neuromorphic wireless sensor networks, encompassing possible use cases such as brain-machine interfaces and remote environmental monitoring. In the considered…
Water distribution systems (WDSs) face increasing cyber-physical risks, which make reliable anomaly detection essential. Many data-driven models ignore network topology and are hard to interpret, while model-based ones depend strongly on…
Battery safety is critical in applications ranging from consumer electronics to electric vehicles and aircraft, where undetected anomalies could trigger safety hazards or costly downtime. In this study, we present OSBAD as an open-source…