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Related papers: Transformer Approximations from ReLUs

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Transformers' quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length has motivated a body of work on efficient sparse approximations to softmax. An alternative path, used by entmax transformers, consists of having built-in exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Marcos Treviso , António Góis , Patrick Fernandes , Erick Fonseca , André F. T. Martins

Recent developments in Transformers have opened new interesting areas of research in partially observable reinforcement learning tasks. Results from late 2019 showed that Transformers are able to outperform LSTMs on both memory intense and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Shakti Kumar , Jerrod Parker , Panteha Naderian

Transformer networks have emerged as the state-of-the-art approach for natural language processing tasks and are gaining popularity in other domains such as computer vision and audio processing. However, the efficient hardware acceleration…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Gianna Paulin , Tim Fischer , Victor J. B. Jung , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

We consider the design of fast and reliable neural network (NN)-based approximations of traditional stabilizing controllers for linear systems with polytopic uncertainty, including control laws with variable structure and those based on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Filippo Fabiani , Paul J. Goulart

While large pre-trained language models accumulate a lot of knowledge in their parameters, it has been demonstrated that augmenting it with non-parametric retrieval-based memory has a number of benefits from accuracy improvements to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Vivek Gupta , Akshat Shrivastava , Adithya Sagar , Armen Aghajanyan , Denis Savenkov

Transformer-based models have made remarkable progress in image restoration (IR) tasks. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention in Transformer hinders its applicability to high-resolution images. Existing methods mitigate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yuang Ai , Huaibo Huang , Tao Wu , Qihang Fan , Ran He

Soft prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient method for adapting LLMs to specific tasks, but suffers from a lack of interpretability. Building on recent work on interpreting soft prompts (Ramati et al., 2024), we explore how training a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pitipat Kongsomjit , Suryansh Goyal , Jacob Whitehill

We prove existence of global minima in the loss landscape for the approximation of continuous target functions using shallow feedforward artificial neural networks with ReLU activation. This property is one of the fundamental artifacts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Steffen Dereich , Sebastian Kassing

Transformer has shown great successes in natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. As one of its core components, the softmax attention helps to capture long-range dependencies yet prohibits its scale-up due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Zhen Qin , Weixuan Sun , Hui Deng , Dongxu Li , Yunshen Wei , Baohong Lv , Junjie Yan , Lingpeng Kong , Yiran Zhong

The Softmax function is ubiquitous in machine learning, multiple previous works suggested faster alternatives for it. In this paper we propose a way to compute classical Softmax with fewer memory accesses and hypothesize that this reduction…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Maxim Milakov , Natalia Gimelshein

Since its introduction, softmax attention has become the backbone of modern transformer architectures due to its expressiveness and scalability across a wide range of tasks. However, the main drawback of softmax attention is the quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Gabriel Mongaras , Eric C. Larson

RNN-Transducer has been one of promising architectures for end-to-end automatic speech recognition. Although RNN-Transducer has many advantages including its strong accuracy and streaming-friendly property, its high memory consumption…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-01 Jaesong Lee , Lukas Lee , Shinji Watanabe

Large Transformer models have been central to recent advances in natural language processing. The training and inference costs of these models, however, have grown rapidly and become prohibitively expensive. Here we aim to reduce the costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-26 David R. So , Wojciech Mańke , Hanxiao Liu , Zihang Dai , Noam Shazeer , Quoc V. Le

ReLU neural networks trained as surrogate models can be embedded exactly in mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs), enabling global optimization over the learned function. The tractability of the resulting MILP depends on structural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Calvin Tsay

Low-resource language translation is a challenging but socially valuable NLP task. Building on recent work adapting the Transformer's normalization to this setting, we propose QKNorm, a normalization technique that modifies the attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Alex Henry , Prudhvi Raj Dachapally , Shubham Pawar , Yuxuan Chen

Despite the empirical success of prompt tuning in adapting pretrained language models to new tasks, theoretical analyses of its capabilities remain limited. Existing theoretical work primarily addresses universal approximation properties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Maxime Meyer , Mario Michelessa , Caroline Chaux , Vincent Y. F. Tan

The Transformer model has been pivotal in advancing fields such as natural language processing, speech recognition, and computer vision. However, a critical limitation of this model is its quadratic computational and memory complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Firas Khader , Omar S. M. El Nahhas , Tianyu Han , Gustav Müller-Franzes , Sven Nebelung , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Daniel Truhn

We establish the fundamental limits in the approximation of Lipschitz functions by deep ReLU neural networks with finite-precision weights. Specifically, three regimes, namely under-, over-, and proper quantization, in terms of minimax…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Weigutian Ou , Philipp Schenkel , Helmut Bölcskei

The purpose of the present paper is to study the computation complexity of deep ReLU neural networks to approximate functions in H\"older-Nikol'skii spaces of mixed smoothness $H_\infty^\alpha(\mathbb{I}^d)$ on the unit cube…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen , Mai Xuan Thao

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev