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We evaluate an automatic hint generator for CS1 programming assignments powered by GPT-4, a large language model. This system provides natural language guidance about how students can improve their incorrect solutions to short programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Laryn Qi , J. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira , Taehan Kim , Björn Hartmann , John DeNero , Narges Norouzi

Machine learning algorithms have difficulties to generalize over a small set of examples. Humans can perform such a task by exploiting vast amount of background knowledge they possess. One method for enhancing learning algorithms with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Michal Badian , Shaul Markovitch

Large-scale language models show promising text generation capabilities, but users cannot easily control particular aspects of the generated text. We release CTRL, a 1.63 billion-parameter conditional transformer language model, trained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Bryan McCann , Lav R. Varshney , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Knowledge distillation~(KD) has been proved effective for compressing large-scale pre-trained language models. However, existing methods conduct KD statically, e.g., the student model aligns its output distribution to that of a selected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Lei Li , Yankai Lin , Shuhuai Ren , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Knowledge-grounded conversation (KGC) shows excellent potential to deliver an engaging and informative response. However, existing approaches emphasize selecting one golden knowledge given a particular dialogue context, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xueliang Zhao , Tingchen Fu , Chongyang Tao , Rui Yan

Programming skills are typically developed through completing various hands-on exercises. Such programming problems can be contextualized to students' interests and cultural backgrounds. Prior research in educational psychology has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Evanfiya Logacheva , Arto Hellas , James Prather , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen

While Generative AI has demonstrated strong potential and versatility in content generation, its application to educational contexts presents several challenges. Models often fail to align with curriculum standards and maintain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Dion Hoe-Lian Goh , Nancy F. Chen

Personalized education systems increasingly rely on structured knowledge representations to support adaptive learning and question generation. However, existing approaches face two fundamental limitations. First, constructing and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yingquan Wang , Tianyu Wei , Qinsi Li , Li Zeng

The topic-to-essay generation task is a challenging natural language generation task that aims to generate paragraph-level text with high semantic coherence based on a given set of topic words. Previous work has focused on the introduction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jieyong Wang , Chunyao Song , Yihao Wu

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique used to transfer knowledge from an overparameterized teacher network to a less-parameterized student network, thereby minimizing the incurred performance loss. KD methods can be categorized into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jaeyeon Jang , Young-Ik Kim , Jisu Lim , Hyeonseong Lee

The rapid emergence of generative AI tools is transforming the way software is developed. Consequently, software engineering education must adapt to ensure that students not only learn traditional development methods but also understand how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Uwe M. Borghoff , Mark Minas , Jannis Schopp

Learning to generate fluent natural language from structured data with neural networks has become an common approach for NLG. This problem can be challenging when the form of the structured data varies between examples. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Sebastian Gehrmann , Falcon Z. Dai , Henry Elder , Alexander M. Rush

Learning models of user behaviour is an important problem that is broadly applicable across many application domains requiring human-robot interaction. In this work we show that it is possible to learn a generative model for distinct user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Daniel Angelov , Yordan Hristov , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Personalized text generation is an emerging research area that has attracted much attention in recent years. Most studies in this direction focus on a particular domain by designing bespoke features or models. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Yaqing Wang , Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Yi Liang , Michael Bendersky

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into digital learning environments, the personalization of learning content to reflect learners' individual career goals offers promising potential to enhance engagement and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ronja Mehlan , Claudia Hess , Quintus Stierstorfer , Kristina Schaaff

Spurred by the potential of deep learning, computational music generation has gained renewed academic interest. A crucial issue in music generation is that of user control, especially in scenarios where the music generation process is…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Stefan Lattner , Maarten Grachten

Grounded language models use external sources of information, such as knowledge graphs, to meet some of the general challenges associated with pre-training. By extending previous work on compositional generalization in semantic parsing, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Sondre Wold , Étienne Simon , Lucas Georges Gabriel Charpentier , Egor V. Kostylev , Erik Velldal , Lilja Øvrelid

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to trace changes in students' knowledge states throughout their entire learning process by analyzing their historical learning data and predicting their future learning performance. Existing forgetting curve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shanshan Wang , Ying Hu , Xun Yang , Zhongzhou Zhang , Keyang Wang , Xingyi Zhang

Cognitive structure is a student's subjective organization of an objective knowledge system, reflected in the psychological construction of concepts and their relations. However, cognitive structure assessment remains a long-standing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hengnian Gu , Zhifu Chen , Yuxin Chen , Jin Peng Zhou , Dongdai Zhou

This paper presents the Designer Preference Model, a data-driven solution that pursues to learn from user generated data in a Quality-Diversity Mixed-Initiative Co-Creativity (QD MI-CC) tool, with the aims of modelling the user's design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Alberto Alvarez , Jose Font