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Vector addition systems with states (VASS) are widely used for the formal verification of concurrent systems. Given their tremendous computational complexity, practical approaches have relied on techniques such as reachability relaxations,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michael Blondin , Mikhail Raskin

The geometric dimension $g$ of a Vector Addition System with States (VASS) is the dimension of the vector space generated by cycles in the VASS; this parameter refines the standard dimension $d$, the number of counters. Recently, it was…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Wojciech Czerwiński , Roland Guttenberg , Łukasz Orlikowski , Henry Sinclair-Banks , Yangluo Zheng

Vector Addition Systems (VAS), aka Petri nets, are a popular model of concurrency. The reachability set of a VAS is the set of configurations reachable from the initial configuration. Leroux has studied the geometric properties of VAS…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Roland Guttenberg , Mikhail Raskin , Javier Esparza

Vector addition system with states (VASS) is a popular model for the verification of concurrent systems. VASS consists of finitely many control states and a set of counters which can be incremented and decremented, but not tested for zero.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-21 A. R. Balasubramanian

We consider a variant of reachability in Vector Addition Systems (VAS) dubbed \emph{box reachability}, whereby a vector $v\in \mathbb{N}^d$ is box-reachable from $0$ in a VAS $V$ if $V$ admits a path from $0$ to $v$ that not only stays in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shaull Almagor , Itay Hasson , Michał Pilipczuk , Michael Zaslavski

Despite recent progress which settled the complexity of the reachability problem for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASSes) as being Ackermann-complete we still lack much understanding for that problem. A striking example is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Wojciech Czerwiński , Adam Jędrych

The reachability problem for Vector Addition Systems (VASs) is a central problem of net theory. The general problem is known to be decidable by algorithms exclusively based on the classical Kosaraju-Lambert-Mayr-Sacerdote-Tenney…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 leroux jerome

We propose a new pumping technique for 2-dimensional vector addition systems with states (2-VASS) building on natural geometric properties of runs. We illustrate its applicability by reproving an exponential bound on the length of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Wojciech Czerwiński , Sławomir Lasota , Christof Löding , Radosław Piórkowski

We investigate the reachability problem in symmetric vector addition systems with states (VASS), where transitions are invariant under a group of permutations of coordinates. One extremal case, the trivial groups, yields general VASS. In…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Łukasz Kamiński , Sławomir Lasota

The reachability problem for vector addition systems is a central problem of net theory. This problem is known to be decidable but the complexity is still unknown. Whereas the problem is EXPSPACE-hard, no elementary upper bounds complexity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Jérôme Leroux

We study the geometry of reachability sets of continuous vector addition systems with states (VASS). In particular we establish that they are almost Minkowski sums of convex cones and zonotopes generated by the vectors labelling the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shaull Almagor , Arka Ghosh , Tim Leys , Guillermo A. Perez

Vector addition systems (VAS), also known as Petri nets, are a popular model of concurrent systems. Many problems from many areas reduce to the reachability problem for VAS, which consists of deciding whether a target configuration of a VAS…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Roland Guttenberg

This paper studies reachability, coverability and inclusion problems for Integer Vector Addition Systems with States (ZVASS) and extensions and restrictions thereof. A ZVASS comprises a finite-state controller with a finite number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Christoph Haase , Simon Halfon

Branching VASS (BVASS) generalise vector addition systems with states by allowing for special branching transitions that can non-deterministically distribute a counter value between two control states. A run of a BVASS consequently becomes…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Stefan Göller , Christoph Haase , Ranko Lazić , Patrick Totzke

Vector Addition Systems and equivalent Petri nets are a well established models of concurrency. The central algorithmic problem for Vector Addition Systems with a long research history is the reachability problem asking whether there exists…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wojciech Czerwiński , Łukasz Orlikowski

Seminal results establish that the coverability problem for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASS) is in EXPSPACE (Rackoff, '78) and is EXPSPACE-hard already under unary encodings (Lipton, '76). More precisely, Rosier and Yen later…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Marvin Künnemann , Filip Mazowiecki , Lia Schütze , Henry Sinclair-Banks , Karol Węgrzycki

The reachability problem in vector addition systems is a central question, not only for the static verification of these systems, but also for many inter-reducible decision problems occurring in various fields. The currently best known…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Jérôme Leroux , Sylvain Schmitz

Vector addition systems with states (VASS) are a popular model for concurrent systems. However, many decision problems have prohibitively high complexity. Therefore, it is sometimes useful to consider overapproximating semantics in which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Pascal Baumann , Khushraj Madnani , Filip Mazowiecki , Georg Zetzsche

More than 30 years after their inception, the decidability proofs for reachability in vector addition systems (VAS) still retain much of their mystery. These proofs rely crucially on a decomposition of runs successively refined by Mayr,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Jérôme Leroux , Sylvain Schmitz

In this paper we consider the reachability problem for bounded branching VASS. Bounded VASS are a variant of the classic VASS model where all values in all configurations are upper bounded by a fixed natural number, encoded in binary in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Filip Mazowiecki , Michał Pilipczuk