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Understanding causal relationships among features is fundamental for explaining machine learning model decisions. However, traditional causal discovery methods face challenges with categorical variables due to numerical instability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

For a given causal question, it is important to efficiently decide which causal inference method to use for a given dataset. This is challenging because causal methods typically rely on complex and difficult-to-verify assumptions, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Shantanu Gupta , Cheng Zhang , Agrin Hilmkil

Multivariate time series in domains such as finance, climate science, and healthcare often exhibit long-term trends, seasonal patterns, and short-term fluctuations, complicating causal inference under non-stationarity and autocorrelation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Muhammad Hasan Ferdous , Md Osman Gani

The widespread availability of complex time series data in various domains such as environmental science, epidemiology, and economics demands robust causal discovery methods that can identify intricate contemporaneous and lagged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omar Faruque , Sahara Ali , Xue Zheng , Jianwu Wang

Causal discovery from observational data is a fundamental task in artificial intelligence, with far-reaching implications for decision-making, predictions, and interventions. Despite significant advances, existing methods can be broadly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jincheng Zhou , Mengbo Wang , Anqi He , Yumeng Zhou , Hessam Olya , Murat Kocaoglu , Bruno Ribeiro

In this paper we consider the use of tiered background knowledge within constraint based causal discovery. Our focus is on settings relaxing causal sufficiency, i.e. allowing for latent variables which may arise because relevant information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Christine W. Bang , Vanessa Didelez

Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

Explainable AI (XAI) methods identify which features are relevant to a model's predictions but often fail to clarify why certain decisions are made. In this work, we present a novel method that integrates causality with argument-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

Causal discovery from observational data typically assumes access to complete data and availability of perfect domain experts. In practice, data often arrive in batches, are subject to sampling bias, and expert knowledge is scarce. Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prakhar Verma , David Arbour , Sunav Choudhary , Harshita Chopra , Arno Solin , Atanu R. Sinha

Causal disentanglement aims to uncover a representation of data using latent variables that are interrelated through a causal model. Such a representation is identifiable if the latent model that explains the data is unique. In this paper,…

Causal inference is essential for data-driven decision making across domains such as business engagement, medical treatment and policy making. However, research on causal discovery has evolved separately from inference methods, preventing…

Causal discovery has been widely studied, yet many existing methods rely on strong assumptions or fall into two extremes: either depending on costly interventional signals or partial ground truth as strong priors, or adopting purely data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenbo Xu , Yue He , Yunhai Wang , Xingxuan Zhang , Kun Kuang , Yueguo Chen , Peng Cui

We consider the effect of temporal aggregation on instantaneous (non-temporal) causal discovery in general setting. This is motivated by the observation that the true causal time lag is often considerably shorter than the observational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-11 Shunxing Fan , Mingming Gong , Kun Zhang

Causal discovery from observational data underpins applications in finance, climate modeling, and machine learning. Constraint-based causal discovery reduces structure learning to a sequence of conditional independence (CI) tests, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Shabnam Sodagari

Causal discovery from time series is a fundamental task in machine learning. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by a reliance on untestable causal assumptions and by the lack of robustness-oriented evaluation in existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Huiyang Yi , Xiaojian Shen , Yonggang Wu , Duxin Chen , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

This paper studies causal discovery in irregularly sampled time series-a key challenge in risk-sensitive domains like finance, healthcare, and climate science, where missing data and inconsistent sampling frequencies distort causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weihong Li , Baohong Li , Anpeng Wu , Zhihan Li , Ming Ma , Keting Yin , Kun Kuang

Causal discovery based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has achieved remarkable success through the LiNGAM framework, which exploits non-Gaussianity and independence of noise variables to identify causal order. However, classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Joe Suzuki

Causal structure discovery from observational data is fundamental to the causal understanding of autonomous systems such as medical decision support systems, advertising campaigns and self-driving cars. This is essential to solve well-known…

Constraint-based causal discovery is widely used for learning causal structures, but heavy reliance on conditional independence (CI) testing makes it computationally expensive in high-dimensional settings. To mitigate this limitation, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zheng Li , Feng Xie , Shenglan Nie , Xichen Guo , Ruxin Wang , Hao Zhang

This paper tackles a critical bottleneck in Super-Structure-based divide-and-conquer causal discovery: the high computational cost of constructing accurate Super-Structures--particularly when conditional independence (CI) tests are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Wenyu Wang , Yaping Wan