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With the increasing adoption of deep learning in speaker verification, large-scale speech datasets have become valuable intellectual property. To audit and prevent the unauthorized usage of these valuable released datasets, especially in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yiming Li , Kaiying Yan , Shuo Shao , Tongqing Zhai , Shu-Tao Xia , Zhan Qin , Dacheng Tao

The huge supporting training data on the Internet has been a key factor in the success of deep learning models. However, this abundance of public-available data also raises concerns about the unauthorized exploitation of datasets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ruixiang Tang , Qizhang Feng , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Xia Hu

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

How can we protect the intellectual property of trained NLP models? Modern NLP models are prone to stealing by querying and distilling from their publicly exposed APIs. However, existing protection methods such as watermarking only work for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xuandong Zhao , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang

Robust reversible watermarking (RRW) enables copyright protection for images while overcoming the limitation of distortion introduced by watermark itself. Current RRW schemes typically employ a two-stage framework, which fails to achieve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zikai Xu , Bin Liu , Weihai Li , Lijunxian Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Integrating watermarks into generative images is a critical strategy for protecting intellectual property and enhancing artificial intelligence security. This paper proposes Plug-in Generative Watermarking (PiGW) as a general framework for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rui Ma , Mengxi Guo , Li Yuming , Hengyuan Zhang , Cong Ma , Yuan Li , Xiaodong Xie , Shanghang Zhang

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

Generative code models (GCMs) significantly enhance development efficiency through automated code generation and code summarization. However, building and training these models require computational resources and time, necessitating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haoxuan Li , Jiale Zhang , Xiaobing Sun , Xiapu Luo

Graph-structured data is foundational to numerous web applications, and watermarking is crucial for protecting their intellectual property and ensuring data provenance. Existing watermarking methods primarily operate on graph structures or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jiasen Li , Yanwei Liu , Zhuoyi Shang , Xiaoyan Gu , Weiping Wang

As machine- and AI-generated content proliferates, protecting the intellectual property of generative models has become imperative, yet verifying data ownership poses formidable challenges, particularly in cases of unauthorized reuse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Aditya Desu , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Wei Lu

Generative models that can produce realistic images have improved significantly in recent years. The quality of the generated content has increased drastically, so sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between the real images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mikhail Pautov , Danil Ivanov , Andrey V. Galichin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

We propose a watermarking method for protecting the Intellectual Property (IP) of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The aim is to watermark the GAN model so that any image generated by the GAN contains an invisible watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Recent advancements in watermarking techniques have enabled the embedding of secret messages into AI-generated text (AIGT), serving as an important mechanism for AIGT detection. Existing methods typically interfere with the generation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Peiru Yang , Xintian Li , Wanchun Ni , Jinhua Yin , Huili Wang , Guoshun Nan , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

This paper presents a novel approach to deter unauthorized deepfakes and enable user tracking in generative models, even when the user has full access to the model parameters, by integrating key-based model authentication with watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mayank Kumar Singh , Naoya Takahashi , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Yuki Mitsufuji

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng

Generative AI models pose a significant challenge to intellectual property (IP), as they can replicate unique artistic styles and concepts without attribution. While watermarking offers a potential solution, existing methods often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Li Zhang , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse , Pengtao Xie , Vishal Asnani

Watermarking embeds information into digital content like images, audio, or text, imperceptible to humans but robustly detectable by specific algorithms. This technology has important applications in many challenges of the industry such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pierre Fernandez

In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective tabular data watermarking mechanism with statistical guarantees. We show theoretically that the proposed watermark can be effectively detected, while faithfully preserving the data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hengzhi He , Peiyu Yu , Junpeng Ren , Ying Nian Wu , Guang Cheng

The growing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their misuse in generating harmful or deceptive content. To address this issue, watermarking methods have been proposed to embed identifiable multi-bit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Zikai Zhang