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Related papers: Green-Red Watermarking for Recommender Systems

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Generative models are now capable of synthesizing images, speeches, and videos that are hardly distinguishable from authentic contents. Such capabilities cause concerns such as malicious impersonation and IP theft. This paper investigates a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Yongbaek Cho , Changhoon Kim , Yezhou Yang , Yi Ren

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into agentic systems that perform autonomous reasoning and tool use has created significant intellectual property (IP) value. We demonstrate that these systems are highly vulnerable to imitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Liwen Wang , Zongjie Li , Yuchong Xie , Shuai Wang , Dongdong She , Wei Wang , Juergen Rahmel

The rapid proliferation of deep neural networks (DNNs) across several domains has led to increasing concerns regarding intellectual property (IP) protection and model misuse. Trained DNNs represent valuable assets, often developed through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sangeeth B , Serena Nicolazzo , Deepa K. , Vinod P

Untrustworthy users can misuse image generators to synthesize high-quality deepfakes and engage in unethical activities. Watermarking deters misuse by marking generated content with a hidden message, enabling its detection using a secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nils Lukas , Abdulrahman Diaa , Lucas Fenaux , Florian Kerschbaum

Text watermarking provides an effective solution for identifying synthetic text generated by large language models. However, existing techniques often focus on satisfying specific criteria while ignoring other key aspects, lacking a unified…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shuhao Zhang , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Yuli Chen , Zhixuan Wu , Changbao Li , Pingli Gu

Diffusion models have made substantial advances in recent years, enabling high-quality image synthesis; however, the widespread dissemination and reuse of their outputs have introduced new challenges in intellectual property protection and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuqi Qian , Yun Cao , Haocheng Fu , Meiyang Lv , Meineng Zhu

Due to the distributed nature of Federated Learning (FL) systems, each local client has access to the global model, which poses a critical risk of model leakage. Existing works have explored injecting watermarks into local models to enable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Zikai Zhang

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation has raised increasing concerns about intellectual property disputes. Watermarking techniques, which embed meta information into AI-generated content (AIGC), have the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shangkun Che , Silin Du , Ge Gao

We present SWaRL, a robust and fidelity-preserving watermarking framework designed to protect the intellectual property of code LLMs by embedding unique and verifiable signatures in the generated program. Existing watermarking approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Neusha Javidnia , Ruisi Zhang , Ashish Kundu , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking has emerged as a crucial technique for detecting and attributing content generated by large language models. While recent advancements have utilized watermark ensembles to enhance robustness, prevailing methods typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Jingqi Zhang , Heng Huang

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about content traceability and potential misuse. Existing watermarking schemes for sampled text often face trade-offs between maintaining text quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shizhan Cai , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

Improvements in diffusion models have boosted the quality of image generation, which has led researchers, companies, and creators to focus on improving watermarking algorithms. This provision would make it possible to clearly identify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Alexander Varlamov , Daria Diatlova , Egor Spirin

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Recent advancements in text-to-3D generation can generate neural radiance fields (NeRFs) with score distillation sampling, enabling 3D asset creation without real-world data capture. With the rapid advancement in NeRF generation quality,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xingyu Zhu , Xiapu Luo , Xuetao Wei

In a multi-stage recommendation system, reranking plays a crucial role in modeling intra-list correlations among items. A key challenge lies in exploring optimal sequences within the combinatorial space of permutations. Recent research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhijie Lin , Zhuofeng Li , Chenglei Dai , Wentian Bao , Shuai Lin , Enyun Yu , Haoxiang Zhang , Liang Zhao

The advances in the Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) research offer extensive applications in diverse domains, but protecting their copyrights has not yet been researched in depth. Recently, NeRF watermarking has been considered one of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Youngdong Jang , Dong In Lee , MinHyuk Jang , Jong Wook Kim , Feng Yang , Sangpil Kim

Logit-based LLM watermarking traces and verifies AI-generated content by maintaining green and red token lists and increasing the likelihood of green tokens during generation. However, it fails in low-entropy scenarios, where predictable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tianle Gu , Zongqi Wang , Kexin Huang , Yuanqi Yao , Xiangliang Zhang , Yujiu Yang , Xiuying Chen

The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

The widely adopted and powerful generative large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about intellectual property rights violations and the spread of machine-generated misinformation. Watermarking serves as a promising approch to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Backdoor attack aims to deceive a victim model when facing backdoor instances while maintaining its performance on benign data. Current methods use manual patterns or special perturbations as triggers, while they often overlook the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Ruofei Wang , Renjie Wan , Zongyu Guo , Qing Guo , Rui Huang
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