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The incorporation of "real-world data" to supplement the analysis of trials and improve decision-making has spurred the development of statistical techniques to account for introduced confounding. Recently, "hybrid" methods have been…

Data driven control of a continuum manipulator requires a lot of data for training but generating sufficient amount of real time data is not cost efficient. Random actuation of the manipulator can also be unsafe sometimes. Meta learning has…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Alok Ranjan Sahoo , Pavan Chakraborty

Platform trials are multi-arm designs that simultaneously evaluate multiple treatments for a single disease within the same overall trial structure. Unlike traditional randomized controlled trials, they allow treatment arms to enter and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-16 Michele Santacatterina , Federico Macchiavelli Giron , Xinyi Zhang , Ivan Diaz

We study the offline reinforcement learning (RL) in the face of unmeasured confounders. Due to the lack of online interaction with the environment, offline RL is facing the following two significant challenges: (i) the agent may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zuyue Fu , Zhengling Qi , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Yanxun Xu , Michael R. Kosorok

Accurate classification of medical device risk levels is essential for regulatory oversight and clinical safety. We present a Transformer-based multimodal framework that integrates textual descriptions and visual information to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Yu Han , Aaron Ceross , Jeroen H. M. Bergmann

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) or malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an atypical, aggressive tumor that matures into cancer in the pleura, a stratum of tissue bordering the lungs. Diagnosis of MPM is difficult and it accounts for about…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Avishek Choudhury

Data augmentations are widely used in training medical image deep learning models to increase the diversity and size of sparse datasets. However, commonly used augmentation techniques can result in loss of clinically relevant information…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Adrit Rao , Andrea Fisher , Ken Chang , John Christopher Panagides , Katherine McNamara , Joon-Young Lee , Oliver Aalami

Background: Accurate week-ahead forecasts of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) derived metrics could enable proactive diabetes management, but relative performance of modern tabular learning approaches is incompletely defined. Methods: We…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-05 Simon Lebech Cichosz , Stine Hangaard , Thomas Kronborg , Peter Vestergaard , Morten Hasselstrøm Jensen

Marginal structural models (MSMs) with inverse probability weighting offer an approach to estimating causal effects of treatment sequences on repeated outcome measures in the presence of time-varying confounding and dependent censoring.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 Sean Yiu , Li Su

Experimentation is widely utilized for causal inference and data-driven decision-making across disciplines. In an A/B experiment, for example, an online business randomizes two different treatments (e.g., website designs) to their customers…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-15 Wenxuan Guo , JungHo Lee , Panos Toulis

Models with Conditional Moment Restrictions (CMRs) are popular in economics. These models involve finite and infinite dimensional parameters. The infinite dimensional components include conditional expectations, conditional choice…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-01 Facundo Argañaraz , Juan Carlos Escanciano

Despite recent advancements in federated learning (FL) for medical image diagnosis, addressing data heterogeneity among clients remains a significant challenge for practical implementation. A primary hurdle in FL arises from the non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Pranab Sahoo , Ashutosh Tripathi , Sriparna Saha , Samrat Mondal

Clinical diagnosis is a complex reasoning process in which clinicians gather evidence, form hypotheses, and test them against alternative explanations. In medical training, this reasoning is explicitly developed through counterfactual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhiwen You , Xi Chen , Aniket Vashishtha , Simo Du , Gabriel Erion-Barner , Hongyuan Mei , Hao Peng , Yue Guo

In a real-life setting, little is known regarding the effectiveness of statins for primary prevention among older adults, and analysis of observational data can add crucial information on the benefits of actual patterns of use. Latent class…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-18 Awa Diop , Caroline Sirois , Jason Robert Guertin , Denis Talbot

Deep learning (DL) for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided timely intervention in disease progression yet still demands attentive interpretability to explain how their DL models make definitive decisions. Recently,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Kwanseok Oh , Da-Woon Heo , Ahmad Wisnu Mulyadi , Wonsik Jung , Eunsong Kang , Kun Ho Lee , Heung-Il Suk

When a novel treatment has successfully passed phase I, different options to design subsequent phase II trials are available. One approach is a single-arm trial, comparing the response rate in the intervention group against a fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-03 Johannes Krisam , Dorothea Weber , Richard F. Schlenk , Meinhard Kieser

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain valuable patient data for health-related prediction tasks, such as disease prediction. Traditional approaches rely on supervised learning methods that require large labeled datasets, which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Hejie Cui , Zhuocheng Shen , Jieyu Zhang , Hui Shao , Lianhui Qin , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is one of the most aggressive types of hematological neoplasm. To support the specialists' decision about the appropriate therapy, patients with AML receive a prognostic of outcomes according to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jade M. Almeida , Giovanna A. Castro , João A. Machado-Neto , Tiago A. Almeida

Multimodal neuroimage can provide complementary information about the dementia, but small size of complete multimodal data limits the ability in representation learning. Moreover, the data distribution inconsistency from different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Qiankun Zuo , Baiying Lei , Yanyan Shen , Yong Liu , Zhiguang Feng , Shuqiang Wang

This study introduces a novel approach to robot-assisted ankle rehabilitation by proposing a Dual-Agent Multiple Model Reinforcement Learning (DAMMRL) framework, leveraging multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) and co-adaptive control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yang An , Yaqi Li , Hongwei Wang , Rob Duffield , Steven W. Su