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Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are outputs that are syntactically coherent but factually incorrect or contextually inconsistent. They are persistent obstacles in high-stakes industrial settings such as engineering design,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Brian Freeman , Adam Kicklighter , Matt Erdman , Zach Gordon

Operating LLMs as coordinated multi-agent research systems over multi-hour runs surfaces failure modes that single-shot evaluation cannot: upstream providers throttle without warning, sub-agents drift the task to fit accessible tools,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sasank Annapureddy

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

Video spatial reasoning, which involves inferring the underlying spatial structure from observed video frames, poses a significant challenge for existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). This limitation stems primarily from 1) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Kun Ouyang , Yuanxin Liu , Haoning Wu , Yi Liu , Hao Zhou , Jie Zhou , Fandong Meng , Xu Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have gained widespread adoption by application builders because they leverage sources of truth to enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate more factually sound responses. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Alex Shan , John Bauer , Christopher D. Manning

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) extend large language models with explicit, multi-step reasoning traces to enhance transparency and performance on complex tasks. However, these reasoning traces can be redundant or logically inconsistent,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Changyue Wang , Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content plausible but incorrect claims about image content. We propose a training-free self-correction framework enabling VLMs to iteratively refine responses through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Kassoum Sanogo , Renzo Ardiccioni

In reasoning chains generated by large language models (LLMs), initial errors often propagate and undermine the reliability of the final conclusion. Current LLM-based error detection methods often fail to detect propagated errors because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weiqiu You , Anton Xue , Shreya Havaldar , Delip Rao , Helen Jin , Chris Callison-Burch , Eric Wong

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, distributed inference has become increasingly important. Model-parallel strategies must now efficiently scale not only across multiple GPUs but also across multiple nodes. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prajwal Singhania , Siddharth Singh , Lannie Dalton Hough , Akarsh Srivastava , Harshitha Menon , Charles Fredrick Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele

We introduce GSU, a text-only grid dataset to evaluate the spatial reasoning capabilities of LLMs over 3 core tasks: navigation, object localization, and structure composition. By forgoing visual inputs, isolating spatial reasoning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Risham Sidhu , Julia Hockenmaier

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being utilized in complex software systems. However, reliability remains a significant challenge due to unpredictable failures such as hallucinations, execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Cheonsu Jeong , Younggun Shin

Accurately determining whether a jailbreak attempt has succeeded is a fundamental yet unresolved challenge. Existing evaluation methods rely on misaligned proxy indicators or naive holistic judgments. They frequently misinterpret model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Junjie Chu , Mingjie Li , Ziqing Yang , Ye Leng , Chenhao Lin , Chao Shen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

We propose a method to improve Visual Question Answering (VQA) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) by introducing text-grounded object localization. Rather than retrieving information based on the entire image, our approach enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xinxi Chen , Tianyang Chen , Lijia Hong

We present GLM-4.1V-Thinking, GLM-4.5V, and GLM-4.6V, a family of vision-language models (VLMs) designed to advance general-purpose multimodal understanding and reasoning. In this report, we share our key findings in the development of the…

Lane detection stands as a crucial perception task in autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems. However, existing methods still degrade in complex real scenarios due to two major limitations. First, classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tiancheng Wang , Zhaolu Ding , Richeng Xu , Tianhui Zheng , Hui Liu , Hanyu Xuan , Zhiliang Wu , Guanghui Yue

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) often suffer from hallucinations that stem not only from insufficient visual grounding but also from imbalanced allocation between perception and reasoning processes. Building upon recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haolang Lu , Bolun Chu , WeiYe Fu , Guoshun Nan , Junning Liu , Minghui Pan , Qiankun Li , Yi Yu , Hua Wang , Kun Wang

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems provide a method for factually grounding the responses of a Large Language Model (LLM) by providing retrieved evidence, or context, as support. Guided by this context, RAG systems can reduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shakiba Amirshahi , Amin Bigdeli , Charles L. A. Clarke , Amira Ghenai

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capabilities in mitigating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs struggle to maintain consistent reasoning when exposed to misleading or conflicting evidence,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Linda Zeng , Rithwik Gupta , Divij Motwani , Yi Zhang , Diji Yang