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We develop a queueing-theoretic framework to model the temporal evolution of cyber-attack surfaces, where the number of active vulnerabilities is represented as the backlog of a queue. Vulnerabilities arrive as they are discovered or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jihyeon Yun , Abdullah Yasin Etcibasi , Ming Shi , C. Emre Koksal

Exploitation is not a binary event. It is a ladder of acquiring progressive capabilities, from executing a single buggy line of code to taking full control of the target. However, existing LLM security benchmarks treat a crash as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Seunghyun Lee , David Brumley

Agentic security systems increasingly audit live targets with tool-using LLMs, but prior systems fix a single coordination topology, leaving unclear when additional agents help and when they only add cost. We treat topology choice as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Isaac David , Arthur Gervais

Large Language Models (LLMs) are set to reshape cybersecurity by augmenting red and blue team operations. Red teams can exploit LLMs to plan attacks, craft phishing content, simulate adversaries, and generate exploit code. Conversely, blue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Alsharif Abuadbba , Chris Hicks , Kristen Moore , Vasilios Mavroudis , Burak Hasircioglu , Diksha Goel , Piers Jennings

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational components in a wide range of applications, including natural language understanding and generation, embodied intelligence, and scientific discovery. As their computational requirements…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yunzhe Li , Jianan Wang , Hongzi Zhu , James Lin , Shan Chang , Minyi Guo

Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Boyang Zhang , Yicong Tan , Yun Shen , Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

As generative AI systems, including large language models (LLMs) and diffusion models, advance rapidly, their growing adoption has led to new and complex security risks often overlooked in traditional AI risk assessment frameworks. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Aviral Srivastava , Sourav Panda

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Mobile autonomous system (MAS) becomes pervasive especially in the vehicular and robotic networks. Multiple heterogeneous MAS networks can be integrated together as a multi-layer MAS network to offer holistic services. The network…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-10 Juntao Chen , Quanyan Zhu

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) increasingly rely on learning-based perception, yet safety-relevant failures often arise without component malfunction, driven instead by partial observability and semantic ambiguity in how risk is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jean Douglas Carvalho , Hugo Taciro Kenji , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Glaucia Melo , Max Mauro Dias Santos , Deepa Kundur

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of autonomous AI agents capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in dynamic, open-ended environments. These large-model agents mark a paradigm shift from static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hang Su , Jun Luo , Chang Liu , Xiao Yang , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

Crafting adversarial examples is crucial for evaluating and enhancing the robustness of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), presenting a challenge equivalent to maximizing a non-differentiable 0-1 loss function. However, existing single objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ping Guo , Cheng Gong , Xi Lin , Fei Liu , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenkun Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Model~(LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated remarkable potential for tackling complex decision-making tasks. However, existing frameworks inevitably rely on serialized execution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yaoru Li , Shunyu Liu , Tongya Zheng , Li Sun , Mingli Song

Large-scale web applications are widely deployed with complex third-party components, inheriting security risks arising from component vulnerabilities. Security assessment is therefore required to determine whether such known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ruozhao Yang , Mingfei Cheng , Gelei Deng , Junjie Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors has marked a transformative era, showcasing remarkable capabilities in text generation and problem-solving tasks. However, this technological advancement is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rahul Pankajakshan , Sumitra Biswal , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Gilad Gressel

Multi-Domain Operations (MDOs) emphasize cross-domain defense against complex and synergistic threats, with civilian infrastructures like smart cities and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) emerging as primary targets. As dual-use assets,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Vita Santa Barletta , Danilo Caivano , Gabriel Cellammare , Samuele del Vescovo , Annita Larissa Sciacovelli

Large Language Model (LLM)-driven Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated strong capability in complex reasoning and tool use, and heterogeneous agent pools further broaden the quality--cost trade-off space. Despite these advances,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xudong Wang , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Chenghao Li , Qigan Sun , Sung-Ho Bae , Peng Wang , Ning Xie , Jie Zou , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

As AI agents evolve, the community is rapidly shifting from single Large Language Models (LLMs) to Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to overcome cognitive bottlenecks in automated research. However, the optimal multi-agent coordination framework…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Shen , Zhenyi Yi , Ziyi Zhao , Lijun Sun , Dongyang Li , Chin-Teng Lin , Yuhui Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agentic systems that plan, memorize, and act in open-world environments. This shift brings new security problems: failures are no longer only unsafe text generation, but can become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhihang Deng , Jiaping Gui , Weinan Zhang