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In order to assess potential advantages of quantum algorithms that require quantum oracles as subroutines, the careful evaluation of the overall complexity of the oracles themselves is crucial. This study examines the quantum routines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Sven Danz , Tobias Stollenwerk , Alessandro Ciani

With the growing interest in quantum machine learning, the perceptron -- a fundamental building block in traditional machine learning -- has emerged as a valuable model for exploring quantum advantages. Two quantum perceptron algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Xiaoyu Sun , Mathieu Roget , Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Hachem Kadri

Quantum algorithms are a very promising field. However, creating and manipulating these kind of algorithms is a very complex task, specially for software engineers used to work at higher abstraction levels. The work presented here is part…

Quantum oracles are widely adopted in problems, like query oracle in Grover's algorithm, cipher in quantum cryptanalytic and data encoder in quantum machine learning. Notably, the bit-flip oracle, capable of flipping the state based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Buji Xu , Junhong Nie , Xiaoming Sun

This paper concerns the Grover algorithm that permits to make amplification of quantum states previously tagged by an Oracle. Grover's algorithm allows searches in an unstructure database of n entries finding a marked element with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Gérard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

With reference to a search in a database of size N, Grover states: "What is the reason that one would expect that a quantum mechanical scheme could accomplish the search in O(square root of N) steps? It would be insightful to have a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Giuseppe Castagnoli

While powerful tools have been developed to analyze quantum query complexity, there are still many natural problems that do not fit neatly into the black box model of oracles. We create a new model that allows multiple oracles with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Shelby Kimmel , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin , Han-Hsuan Lin

Quantum algorithms for searching one or more marked items on a d-dimensional lattice provide an extension of Grover's search algorithm including a spatial component. We demonstrate that these lattice search algorithms can be viewed in terms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Birgit Hein , Gregor Tanner

The quantum circuit model essentially treats every quantum algorithm as a straight-line program. While this view is universal, recent work has shown that it is inconvenient for using different-length quantum subroutines in superposition.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Stacey Jeffery , Manideep Mamindlapally , Alex Baudoin Nguetsa Tankeu

Grover's algorithm is a cornerstone of quantum algorithms and is strictly optimal in oracle-query complexity. While the full search problem admits no further improvement, one may trade accuracy for speed in the partial search problem, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Kun Zhang , Kang-Yuan Chen , Xiao-Hui Wang , Vladimir Korepin

Grover search is one of the most important quantum algorithms. In this paper, we consider a kind of search that the conditions of satisfaction $T$ can be rewritten as $T=T_1\bigcap T_2$. Then we present a new Grover search with smaller…

General Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Dan Li

The discovery of derivatives and integrals was a tremendous leap in scientific knowledge and completely revolutionized many fields, including mathematics, physics, and engineering. The existence of higher-order derivatives means better…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Basanta R. Pahari , Sagar Bhat , Siri Davidi , William Oates

Multi-objective search means searching for any one of several objectives in an unstructured database. Grover's algorithm has quadratic acceleration in multi-objection search than classical ones. Iterated operator in Grover's algorithm is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Hao Li , Daowen Qiu , Le Luo

The rapid progress of computer science has been accompanied by a corresponding evolution of computation, from classical computation to quantum computation. As quantum computing is on its way to becoming an established discipline of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-10 D. K. Ningtyas , A. B. Mutiara

Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms to search for marked elements in an unstructured database. The original algorithm is probabilistic, returning a marked element with bounded error. There are several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Guanzhong Li , Lvzhou Li

We question whether the measurement based quantum computing algorithm is in fact Grover's algorithm or simply a similar oracular search method. The two algorithms share several qualitative features especially in the case of the trivial 4…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 A. Matthew Smith , P. M. Alsing , J. R. McDonald , D. B. Uskov

Unstructured search remains as one of the significant challenges in computer science, as classical search algorithms become increasingly impractical for large-scale systems due to their linear time complexity. Quantum algorithms, notably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Harishankar Mishra , Asvija Balasubramanyam , Gudapati Naresh Raghava

We construct an oracular (i.e., black box) problem that can be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than on a classical computer. The quantum algorithm is based on a continuous time quantum walk, and thus employs a different…

Here we suggest a modification of Grover's algorithm, based on a multiphase oracle which marks each solution with a different phase when there is more than one solution. Such a modification can be used to maintain a high probability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Hristo Tonchev , Rosen Bahtev

Grover's algorithm relies on the superposition and interference of quantum mechanics, which is more efficient than classical computing in specific tasks such as searching an unsorted database. Due to the high complexity of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 H. Sun , Z. Shi , S. Chen , G. Wang , X. Li , Y. Guan , Q. Zhang , Z. Shao