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Reinforcement learning (RL) is a type of artificial intelligence for making optimal choices. In healthcare, researchers generally use offline RL (ORL), where models are trained and evaluated from retrospective observational data. To…

Objective: Healthcare data fragmentation presents a major challenge for linking patient data, necessitating robust record linkage to integrate patient records from diverse sources. This study investigates the feasibility of leveraging…

Contemporary large language models (LLMs) may have utility for processing unstructured, narrative free-text clinical data contained in electronic health records (EHRs) -- a particularly important use-case for mental health where a majority…

HL7's Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard is designed to provide a consistent way in which to represent and exchange healthcare data, such as electronic health records (EHRs). SMART--on--FHIR (SoF) technology uses…

Clinical decision-making in radiology increasingly benefits from artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through large language models (LLMs). However, traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems for radiology question…

Clinical documentation is a critical factor for patient safety, diagnosis, and continuity of care. The administrative burden of EHRs is a significant factor in physician burnout. This is a critical issue for low-resource languages,…

Healthcare systems continuously generate vast amounts of electronic health records (EHRs), commonly stored in the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. Despite the wealth of information in these records, their…

Predicting cancer treatment outcomes requires models that are both accurate and interpretable, particularly in the presence of heterogeneous clinical data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in biomedical NLP,…

In our study, we evaluated large language model (LLM) performance on pharmacy licensure-style question-answering tasks and developed an external knowledge integration method to improve accuracy. We benchmarked ten LLMs with varying…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable potential in medical knowledge acquisition and question-answering. However, LLMs can potentially hallucinate and yield factually incorrect outcomes, even with domain-specific…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are pivotal in transcribing speech into text, yet the errors they introduce can significantly degrade the performance of downstream tasks like summarization. This issue is particularly pronounced…

Health care claims data refer to information generated from interactions within health systems. They have been used in health services research for decades to assess effectiveness of interventions, determine the quality of medical care,…

In-hospital mortality (IHM) prediction for ICU patients is critical for timely interventions and efficient resource allocation. While structured physiological data provides quantitative insights, clinical notes offer unstructured,…

Objective: Electronic health records (EHR) data are prone to missingness and errors. Previously, we devised an "enriched" chart review protocol where a "roadmap" of auxiliary diagnoses (anchors) was used to recover missing values in EHR…

Though patients are increasingly granted digital access to their electronic health records (EHRs), existing interfaces may not support precise, trustworthy answers to patient-specific questions. Large language models (LLM) show promise in…

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise in summarizing medical evidence. Most recent studies focus on the application of proprietary LLMs. Using proprietary LLMs introduces multiple risk factors, including a lack of transparency and…

Objective: Applying large language models (LLMs) to the clinical domain is challenging due to the context-heavy nature of processing medical records. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a solution by facilitating reasoning over…

A unified foundation model for medical time series -- pretrained on open access and ethics board-approved medical corpora -- offers the potential to reduce annotation burdens, minimize model customization, and enable robust transfer across…

Analyzing vast textual data and summarizing key information from electronic health records imposes a substantial burden on how clinicians allocate their time. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in natural language…

A radiology report comprises several sections, including the Findings and Impression of the diagnosis. Automatically generating the Impression from the Findings is crucial for reducing radiologists' workload and improving diagnostic…