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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in offensive cybersecurity. In this paper, we reveal an interesting phenomenon: different agents exhibit distinct attack patterns. Specifically, each agent exhibits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Taein Lim , Seongyong Ju , Munhyeok Kim , Hyunjun Kim , Hoki Kim

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

Recent advances in language model (LM) agents and function calling have enabled autonomous, feedback-driven systems to solve problems across various digital domains. To better understand the unique limitations of LM agents, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Dhruv Gautam , Spandan Garg , Jinu Jang , Neel Sundaresan , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Autonomous AI agents that can follow instructions and perform complex multi-step tasks have tremendous potential to boost human productivity. However, to perform many of these tasks, the agents need access to personal information from their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Ivan Evtimov , Maya Pavlova , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Search agents connect LLMs to the Internet, enabling them to access broader and more up-to-date information. However, this also introduces a new threat surface: unreliable search results can mislead agents into producing unsafe outputs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianshuo Dong , Sheng Guo , Hao Wang , Xun Chen , Zhuotao Liu , Tianwei Zhang , Ke Xu , Minlie Huang , Han Qiu

The SZZ algorithm is the dominant technique for identifying bug-inducing commits and underpins many software engineering tasks, such as defect prediction and vulnerability analysis. Despite numerous variants, including recent LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yunbo Lyu , Jieke Shi , Hong Jin Kang , Ratnadira Widyasari , Junda He , Yuqing Niu , Chengran Yang , Junkai Chen , Zhou Yang , Julia Lawall , David Lo

Large scale Speech Language Models have enabled voice assistants capable of understanding natural spoken queries and performing complex tasks. However, existing speech benchmarks largely focus on isolated capabilities such as transcription…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Dhruv Jain , Harshit Shukla , Gautam Rajeev , Ashish Kulkarni , Chandra Khatri , Shubham Agarwal

Recent advances in coding agents have shown remarkable progress in software issue resolution. In practice, real-world issues are typically bug fixes or feature requests in which human developers naturally incorporate refactoring as part of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhao Tian , Zifan Zhang , Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Masanari Kondo , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has realized many applications in various domains. Being trained with a huge of amount of data coming from various sources, LLMs can be deployed to solve different tasks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Duc S. H. Nguyen , Bach G. Truong , Phuong T. Nguyen , Juri Di Rocco , Davide Di Ruscio

LLM-agent training pipelines routinely discard failed trajectories even though GPT-4o achieves only 14-20% on WebArena and below 55% pass@1 on ToolBench; even specialised systems at 50-65% leave the majority of trajectories unused. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liang Ding

Modern analyst agents must reason over complex, high token inputs, including dozens of retrieved documents, tool outputs, and time sensitive data. While prior work has produced tool calling benchmarks and examined factuality in knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Anushri Eswaran , Oleg Golev , Darshan Tank , Sidhant Rahi , Himanshu Tyagi

Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled agents are rapidly emerging across a wide range of applications, but their deployment introduces vulnerabilities with security implications. While prior work has examined prompt-based attacks (e.g., prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Derek Lilienthal , Sanghyun Hong

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed to autonomously solve complex tasks, raising urgent needs for IP protection and regulatory provenance. While content watermarking effectively attributes LLM-generated outputs, it fails to directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Kaibo Huang , Jin Tan , Yukun Wei , Wanling Li , Zipei Zhang , Hui Tian , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Recent advancements in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have enabled complex multi-turn agentic tasks requiring extensive tool calling, where conversations can span dozens of API calls with increasingly large context windows. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Elias Lumer , Faheem Nizar , Akshaya Jangiti , Kevin Frank , Anmol Gulati , Mandar Phadate , Vamse Kumar Subbiah

Web agents enable users to perform tasks on web browsers through natural language interaction. Evaluating web agents trajectories is an important problem, since it helps us determine whether the agent successfully completed the tasks.…

Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Sukwon Yun , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have made rapid advancements in code generation for popular languages such as Python and C++. Many of these recent gains can be attributed to the use of ``agents'' that wrap domain-relevant tools alongside LLMs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Patrick Yubeaton , Siddharth Garg , Chinmay Hegde

LLM-powered agents are both a promising new technology and a source of complexity, where choices about models, tools, and prompting can affect their usefulness. While numerous benchmarks measure agent accuracy across domains, they mostly…

Large language models (LLMs) have empowered nodes within multi-agent networks with intelligence, showing growing applications in both academia and industry. However, how to prevent these networks from generating malicious information…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Miao Yu , Shilong Wang , Guibin Zhang , Junyuan Mao , Chenlong Yin , Qijiong Liu , Qingsong Wen , Kun Wang , Yang Wang

Existing benchmarks for tool-using LLM agents primarily report single-run success rates and miss reliability properties required in production. We introduce \textbf{ReliabilityBench}, a benchmark for evaluating agent reliability across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aayush Gupta